Download CPR Lab

Medical Emergencies
Know what to do in an emergency!
Steps to take in an emergency
• First aid is the immediate care given to
someone who becomes injured or ill until
regular medical care can be provided.
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a first
aid procedure to restore breathing and
circulation.
Secondary Survey
• Head to toe examination
Fractures
• A fracture is a break in a bone. A dislocation
occurs when a bone is forced from its normal
position within a joint.
First Aid for Fractures
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Stop any bleeding
Immobilize area – do not realign the bone
Apply splint above and below fracture site
Apply ice
Treat for shock – lay flat on back with feet
elevated, if possible.
Sprains and Bruises
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P = protect injured part
R = rest the injured area
I = ice
C = compress the part with a bandage
E = elevate the part above the level of the
heart
Arm Splint
Arm Sling
Leg Splints
Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion
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Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include:
Nausea,
vomiting,
fatigue,
Weakness,
headache,
muscle cramps
dizziness.
Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion
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Symptoms and signs of heat stroke include:
high body temperature,
the absence of sweating, with hot red or flushed dry skin,
rapid pulse,
difficulty breathing,
strange behavior,
hallucinations,
confusion,
agitation,
disorientation,
Seizure and Stroke
Be Careful When It Gets Hot!
Hypothermia and Frostbite
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Signs of Hypothermia
Shivering
Clumsiness or lack of coordination
Slurred speech or mumbling
Stumbling
Confusion or difficulty thinking
Poor decision making, such as trying to remove warm clothes
Drowsiness or very low energy
Apathy, or lack of concern about one's condition
Progressive loss of consciousness
Weak pulse
Shallow breathing
Hypothermia and Frostbite
• Signs of Frostbite
• In superficial frostbite, you may experience burning, numbness, tingling,
itching, or cold sensations in the affected areas. The regions appear
white and frozen, but if you press on them, they retain some resistance.
• In deep frostbite, there is an initial decrease in sensation that is
eventually completely lost. Swelling and blood-filled blisters are noted
over white or yellowish skin that looks waxy and turns a purplish blue as
it rewarms. The area is hard, has no resistance when pressed on, and
may even appear blackened and dead.
• The affected person will experience significant pain as the areas are
rewarmed and blood flow reestablished. A dull continuous ache
transforms into a throbbing sensation in 2 to 3 days. This may last weeks
to months until final tissue separation is complete.
• At first the areas may appear deceptively healthy. Most people do not
arrive at the doctor with frozen, dead tissue. Only time can reveal the
final amount of tissue damage.
Frostbite
First-aid
• Frostbite
• Hypothermia
• Get out of the cold
• Cover with sterile
dressing
• Separate toes and
fingers with cotton balls
• Don’t rub area
• Call 911
• Check vitals
• Remove wet clothes
and cover with dry
• Apply warm packs to
neck, chest, and groin
• Warm the core
Shoulder and Feet Drag
Stopping Severe Bleeding
Cover the wound with
a clean cloth and press
firmly against the
wound. If the cloth
becomes soaked with
blood, simply add
another one on top of
the existing one
Elevate the wound
above the level of the
heart to slow blood
flow.
If bleeding does not
stop, then apply
pressure to a main
artery leading to the
wound. Squeeze the
artery against the
bone.
• Poisoning: call 911 or poison control and
follow the instructions you receive. Keep the
container of poison. Check the victim’s
breathing and vitals.
• Broken bones: keep the person still until help
arrives.
• Sprains and bruises: tell the victim to use the
RICE formula (R=rest, I=ice, C= compression,
and E= elevation).