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9th grade final exam Study guide Health Triangle • • • • 3 aspects of health Physical Mental/Emotional Social Life Expectency • How long a person is expected to live based on their lifestyle • Ex. If a person practices a healthy lifestyle and watches their diet and exercises then they are expected to live longer than someone who does not Risk Factors • Are factors associated with ill health, disease or death • Ex. = poor diet, lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol, etc. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • In order for a preson to meet their full potential or reach self-actualization, they first must have their basic needs met of food, shelter and safety Self Esteem • Confidence and worth you feel about yourself Stress Response • The fight or flight response is an innate response to stress - the inborn response prepares the body to “fight” or “flee” from a perceived attack, harm, or threat to survival Trauma • PTSD = post traumatic stress disorder stems from a personal tragedy, a natural disaster or other overwhelming life experience. It can shatter a sense of security, feelings of vulnerability, helplessness and even make a person feel numb. Bi-polar Disorder • More sever than your normal ups/downs a person may experience in daily living • This is most severe and a person experiences extreme highs (manic) and extreme lows (depression), affects every day living Depression • Emptiness and despair take a hold and won’t go away making it difficult to function and enjoy life OCD • Obsessive compulsive disorder • An anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, unwanted thoughts and ritualized behavior you feel compared to perform • Ex. Excessive hand washing Resilient • Being able to adapt effectively and recovery from disappointment, difficulty or crisis Psychiatrist • A medical doctor who treats mental and emotional disorders • This is the ONLY mental health professional who can write a prescription for medications Psychologist • A mental health professional who provides one on one talk therapy to a patient • Cannot prescribe medication Social Worker • A health care professional who provides the link between the medical center, the patient and their family Schizophrenia • A condition where a person may see or hear things that don’t exist, confused thoughts and feel like others are going to harm them and/or they are being watched Panic Attack • Anxiety disorder that can resemble a heart attack • Symptoms - chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, etc. Atrium • The 2 upper chambers of the heart. Atherosclerosis • Hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup inside the arteries Ventricle • The 2 lower chambers of the heart Capillaries • The smallest blood vessels, which are closest to the skin surface and connect the arteries and the veins Arteries • Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the tissues of the body Veins • Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart Valves – ADD TO YOUR PACKET • Flaps in the heart (one-way valves) that open/close to let the blood into the chambers of the heart Septum • Muscular tissue that separates the 2 sides of the heart. It prevents blood from crossing one side of the heart to the other Pulmonary • Of or relating to, affecting or occurring in the lungs • Pulmonary circulation - carries oxygen depleted blood away from the heart to lungs to pick up oxygen and return to the heart Nicotine • A substance found in tobacco which smokers become addicted to Tar • Brown, tacky substance found in cigarettes which causes cancer Cardiologist • A medical doctor who treats heart disease Hypertension • High blood pressure • Normal reading 120/80 • Higher # is pressure when heart contracts • Lower # is pressure when heart relaxes Angina Pectoris • Chest pain due to coronary heart disease Heart Attack • When blood flow that brings oxygen to the heart is severely reduced or cut off completely Stroke • When a blood vessel weakens and ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain Carcinogen • A substance which causes cancer • Usually found in cigarettes, but can also be found in plastics • Ex. Plastic water bottles left in the sun Congenital • Conditions that are present @ birth • Can be inherited or caused by environmental factors Thrombosis • Blood clot or clots in a blood vessel Tolerance • When your body gets used to a medication or substance and you no longer get the same affect, so you have to increase the amount to get the original affect Physical Addiction • Being physically dependent on a substance because you cannot stop from taking it, there will also be withdrawal symptoms if you try to stop Psychological Addiction • When a persons whole life revolves around a substance and they become compulsive about it • Loss of control • Think about it constantly, how to get it, using it and when the next fix will be Withdrawal • Distress and cravings that occur after use of some addictive drugs when reduced or stopped Narcotics • An illegal drug or other substance that affects mood or behavior and sold for non-medical purposes THC – ADD TO YOUR PACKET • The active ingredient in marijuana which causes the “high” Stimulants • Speeds up the CNS (Central Nervous System) • Increases activity, interest and enthusiasm Depressants • Slows down the CNS • Promotes drowsiness, relaxation and decreased inhibitions Hallucinogens • Cause hallucinations - profound distortions in a person’s perceptions of reality Binge Drinking • Heavy period of drinking with the primary intention of becoming intoxicated quickly Carbon Monoxide • A colorless, odorless poisonous gas in cigarettes Passive Smoke = AKA = Environment Tobacco Smoke • Second hand smoke • Inhaled by non-smokers • Can cause lung cancer Alcoholism • • • • • • Being dependent on alcohol A strong need or compulsion to drink Symptoms include: Drinking alone and often Blackouts Preoccupation with alcohol Metabolism • The amount of energy (calories) your body burns to maintain itself SHORT ANSWERS Treatment Therapies • • • • Psychotherapy = talk therapy Medications Hospitalizations or residential programs Electroconvulsive therapy = shock therapy OTC • Over the counter - can be purchased over the counter without a prescription PRESCRIPTION • Cannot be purchased without a doctor’s prescription Prevention of CVD = cardiovascular disease • • • • • Diet Exercise Reduce salt intake Yearly exam by doctor Reduce stress SAFE • • • • S = stay calm A = ask questions F = find out feelings E = exchange ideas for solution • Process used to communicate effectively with an abuser Emotional Abuse • When a dating partner is experiencing a psychological rather than physical abuse • Ex. Criticizing partner Physical Abuse • • • • • Physical harm Hitting Biting Pinching Rape Help a friend in abusive relationship • • • • Talk to friend Tell an adult you trust Get help Call hotline # FDA – ADD TO YOUR PACKET • Food and Drug Administration • A federal agency that regulates medicines Make sure you study! • I would like to thank each and every one of you for being such wonderful students! I had a terrific time teaching you and you taught me a lot about being a teacher. • Have a SAFE and AWESOME summer! • Sincerely, Ms(z). Fohr