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H H H H H H H H | | | | | | | | H-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-H | | | | | | | H H H H H H H H H H | | | H-C-C-C-C-H | | | H H H H-C-H | H-C-H | H Here’s a structural diagram of a typical hydrocarbon It has 14 C’s and 30 H’s so the formula is C14H30 since each C is surrounded by 4 bonds typically, for ease of drawing, the H’s are left out to form a carbon skeleton diagram To name the parent chain prefixes at the beginning of the C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C word are used. | These prefixes are C - C- C - C | This parent chain has 9 determined by the C | C so it starts with non. number of C C If there are no double atoms in the bonds it ends with ane parent chain. Nonane is the name of the parent chain Find the longest continuous carbon chain. This structure is called the parent chain. Find the longest continuous carbon chain. This structure is called the parent chain. If the carbon chain is 1 C starts with meth 2 C starts with eth 3 C starts with prop C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C 4 C starts with but | 5 C starts with pent C - C- C - C 6 C starts with hex | This parent chain has 9 7 C starts with hept C | C so it starts with non. 8 C starts with oct C If there are no double 9 C starts with non bonds it ends with ane 10 C starts with dec Nonane is the name of the parent chain 5 6 7 8 9 C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C 5 4 3 2 1 | Using the red C CC C 4 numbers the 1st Next you must number 6 3 7 | side chain is the parent chain Chains can be numbered 2 C 8 encountered at from either direction so the 5th C | the rule to follow states: Using the blue 9 C Number the chain so the 1 lowest possible number is used when the 1st side chain is encountered numbers the 1st side chain is encountered at the 3rd C 5 6 7 8 9 C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C | 3 C side chain is 4C - C- C - C 3 called | 2 C side propyl 2 C chain is Next, identify the | called side chains and 1 C ethyl where they are attached Notice all side chains end in yl 5 6 7 8 9 Now lets consider the names which have been determined C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C | 4C - C- C - C Parent chain is nonane 3 | side chains are 3-ethyl and 2 C 5-propyl the complete name is | 1 C 3-ethyl-5-propylnonane Side chains appear 1st and are always alphabetized, (ethyl before propyl), parent chain appears last Now draw the skeleton structure for 5-butyl6-ethyl-2-methyl decane 1st identify the parent chain 5-butyl-6-ethyl-2-methyldecane (decane means 10 C’s with no double bonds C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C Side chains are: | | | 2-methyl C C C (1 C attached to the 2nd C) | | C C 5-butyl | 4 C’s attached to the 5th C C 6-ethyl | 2C’s attached to the 6th C C Now draw the skeleton structure for 3,3diethyl-2,5,6-trimethylheptane 1st identify the parent chain 3,3-diethyl -2,5,6-trimethylheptane (heptane means 7C’s with no double bonds C Side chains are: | 3,3-diethyl C | (2C attached to each side C-C-C-C-C-C-C of the 3rd C) | | | | C C C C 2,5,6-trimethyl | 1C’s attached to the 2nd, 5th and 6th C C Name the following: C C-C C | | | C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C | | | | C C C C octane Parent Chain is 2,2,3,4,7,7 hexamethyl Final Answer is 6 - ethyl 6 - ethyl - 2,2,3,4,7,7 - hexamethyloctane Side Chains are