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Significant Figures & Scientific Notation Rules for SigFigs 1. Any non-zero digit is significant 2. Any trapped zeros are significant 3. Zeros to the left of the decimal point at the end of a number are NOT significant (trailing zeros) 4. Zeros to the right of the decimal point at the beginning of a number are NOT significant (leading zeros) 5. Answer can have only as many sigfigs as the fewest in the problem EXAMPLES • 23 – both are non-zero numbers (2 sigfigs) • 109 – zero between two non-zero numbers (trapped zero – 3 sigfigs) • 4500 – trailing zeros before the decimal are NOT significant (2 sigfigs) • 0.000785 – leading zeros after the decimal are NOT significant (3 sigfigs) • 6.00 – trailing zeros after the decimal ARE significant (3 sigfigs) Scientific Notation 1. Can be only 1 number to the left of the decimal 2. Second part is written as (x 10n) 3. If the number to be written is smaller than 1 then n MUST be negative 4. If the number to be written is larger than 1 then n MUST be positive EXAMPLES Write the following in scientific notation: 157 – move decimal two places to left 1.57 x 102 23000 – move decimal four places to left 2.3 x 104 0.0000279 – move decimal five places to right 2.79 x 10-5 0.000000000324 – move decimal ten places to right 3.24 x 10-10