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- 2013 - 3D Structures of Biological Macromolecules Floating Point Operations and Benchmarking of Computer Performance Jürgen Sühnel [email protected] Leibniz Institute for Age Research, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena Centre for Bioinformatics Jena / Germany Supplementary Material: http://www.fli-leibniz.de/www_bioc/3D/ Floating Point Operation - A Floating Point Operation is a mathematical operation with floating point numbers. - Floating point number: 23.452 = 23452 x 10-3 significant digits x base exponent - They cover easily extremely large number ranges between astronomy and particle physics. - A Floating Point Unit is a part of a computer system specifically designed to carry out operations on floating point numbers. - FLOPS is in computing to a measure of computer performance -floating point operations per second (note plural and per second). Floating Point Operation Name FLOPS yottaFLOPS 10 zettaFLOPS 10 exaFLOPS 10 petaFLOPS 10 teraFLOPS 10 gigaFLOPS 10 megaFLOPS 10 kiloFLOPS 10 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 Floating Point Operation – Theoretical Peak Performance GFLOPS = (CPU-Takt in GHz) × (Anzahl der CPU-Kerne) × (CPU-Instruktionen pro Takt) × (Anzahl der CPU im Rechnerknoten) Beispiel: Zwei Sockel-Server mit 8 Kernen und einer Taktfrequenz von 2.6 GHz und 8 Instruktionen per Zyklus (z.B. Intel E5-2600-Reihe) GFLOPS = 2.6 x 8 x 8 x 2 = 332.8 GFLOPS Adjusted Peak Performance is significantly lower. Benchmarking LINPACK – software library for performing numerical linear algebra on computers, is now widely used for measuring computer performance Linpack Benchmark - Java Version´- (http://www.netlib.org/benchmark/linpackjava/) The problem solved is a dense 500x500 system of linear equations with one right hand side, Ax=b. The matrix is generated randomly and the right hand side is constructed so the solution has all components equal to one. 800 – 1100 Mflops/s TOP500 List Measured in Pflops. TOP500 List