Download 04_FINAL_AVR_2009 (PPTmin)

Command &
Data Handling
PCB Build
Procedure
RockOn! 2009
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What Are We
Building?
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The C&DH PCB 1:
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The C&DH PCB 2:
AVR Board
Z-Accel. Board
Data Board
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Organization:
The boards may seem like an array of confusing
electronics, but one can easily break the board into
smaller subsystems of related components.
This build is organized by different sub systems integral
to the board.
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Integral Systems:
-ATMega32 Microprocessor
-2 MB Flash Memory
-0-15 PSI Pressure Sensor
-3-Axis Acceleration
-Temperature Sensor
-In-System-Programming
-Power Regulation
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Safety/Background
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Board Safety:
Caution:
Many of the components used in this workshop are
sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Please ensure
that you are wearing your protective wrist strap at all
times. There will be a warning slide when components
are ESD and heat sensitive.
Clipping leads can sometimes cause them to separate in
a rapid manner that could cause injury. Please take
caution when clipping leads. Wear your safety glasses at
ALL TIMES!
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Reading a Resistor:
The resistors in this workshop
have already been organized by
value.
In the event that your resistors
get mixed, please refer to the
chart at the left to classify your
resistors, or use your multimeter.
If you are unsure, don’t hesitate
to raise your hand and ask for
assistance.
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Verifying Kit
Contents
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Kit Contents—PCBs:
PCBs:
- One Main Board
- One Data Board
- One Z Accelerometer Board
- One XY Accelerometer Board
Note: All boards were tested
in-house and are currently
in working order.
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Kit Contents—Resistors:
Resistors:
- Two 1 KΩ Resistors
- R8, R9
- Eight 10 KΩ Resistors
- R1, R2 R3, R4, R5, R6,
R10, R11
- One 3.3 KΩ Resistors
- Indicator
- One 100 KΩ Resistor
- R7
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Kit Contents—Capacitors:
Capacitors:
- Eleven .1 μF Capacitors
- C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7,
C8, C9, CX, CY, CZ
- One 1 μF Capacitor
- C10
- One 10 μF Capacitors
- C1
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Kit Contents - Connectors:
Connectors:
- One ISP Cable
- Ten 2X1 Headers
- One 3X1 Header
- One 4X1 Header
- Three 3X2 Right Angle
Headers
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Kit Contents—LEDs:
LEDs:
- Two Red LEDs
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Kit Contents—Sockets/ICs/Pressure Sensors:
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Kit Contents—Sockets/ICs/Pressure Sensors:
Sockets/ICs/Press. Sens.:
- One AVR Socket
AVR DIP
- One AVR
AVR
- One Level Shifter (LS)
Press. Sens
- One LS Socket
LS DIP
LS
- One Pressure Sensor
- One DB9 Connector
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Kit Contents—Miscellaneous 1:
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Kit Contents—Miscellaneous 2:
Miscellaneous:
- One Red LED
- One Green LED
Green LED
- One G-Switch
Z-Acc. Conn.
Jumper
- One Jumper
- One Z-Accelerometer
Connector
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Kit Contents—Miscellaneous 3:
Miscellaneous:
- Wires:
-Three Blue
-Three Red
Black
Red
Blue
-Two Black
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Kit Contents—Transistors:
Transistors:
- One PNP Transistor
- T1
- One NPN Transistor
- T2
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Kit Contents—VREGS:
VREGS:
- One 5V VREG
- One 3.3 VREG
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Kit Contents—Diodes:
Diodes:
- Three Diodes
-D1, D2, D3
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Board Check:
1
2
- Check to ensure that your boards have: flash memory
(1), a level shifter (2), and four accelerometers (3).
- Please raise your hand if any components are missing.
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Board Schematic:
- Check to ensure that your boards have: flash memory
(1), a level shifter (2), and four accelerometers (3).
- Please raise your hand if any components are missing.
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Schematic Overview – Part Highlighting:
- Blue highlights mean parts will be
added to the board in the current step.
- Green highlights indicate components
already on the board but relevant to
the current step.
- Red highlights show access points on
the PCB where wires can be soldered.
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Schematic Overview – Coordinates (A1):
Numbers across top
Letters along side
- All schematic close-ups
include coordinates so they
can be easily located in your
schematic printout.
- The coordinates correspond
to the letters across the side of
the schematic and the
numbers across the top.
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Let’s Begin!
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Current Sub System:
Power Subsystem:
Activation
Power Regulation
Sensor Subsystem:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
AVR, Memory, & In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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Activation Schematic 1 (D2):
Power from batteries
- This circuitry allows power to the board to be switched on
when the rocket launches.
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Activation Schematic 2 (D2):
- The acceleration of
launch closes the Gswitch.
- If the G-switch is closed
while the RBF Pin
header is shorted, the
system turns on.
- T2 keeps T1 on even
after the G-switch is
released.
- Everything stays on until
the battery is removed.
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On LED Schematic (C2):
5V Power Bus
- The ON LED indicates that
the system is receiving
power.
- It will not turn on until after
the next section (Power
Regulation).
- R9 prevents the LED from
drawing too much power.
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RBF/G-Switch Headers:
RBF Pin
G-Switch
- Solder two (2) of the 2X1 headers into the footprints
labeled RBF Pin and G-Switch.
- As always, ensure they are flush with the board.
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RDY
On
On and RDY Headers:
- Solder two more (2) of the 2X1 headers into the
footprints labeled On and RDY.
- These headers will be used for indicator LEDs.
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Power Header 1:
Power
- Solder one (1) of the 2X1 headers into the footprint
labeled Power.
- This is the primary power header.
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Power Header 2:
Power
- There is a secondary power header on the opposite side of
the board. DO NOT install this header.
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Pre-Bending:
Pre-Bending 101:
- Pre-bending is a technique that allows
components to be easily inserted into a
PCB.
- Pre-bending also allows components to lay
more flush with the board.
- Bending components to the correct bend
radius takes practice, but mastering the
technique will reap rewarding benefits!
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Pre-Bending:
Pre-Bending 101:
- Start with the bending and prodding tool in
the position shown in the top picture.
- Choose a location along the length of the
tool that will yield the appropriate bend
radius.
90°
- Use your thumb to bend the lead such that
the component and lead are orthogonal.
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Diodes:
Left: Diode as it
comes in the kit.
Right: Bent
diode ready for
installation.
- Take three (3) diodes from your supplies and use the
supplied bending and prodding tool to bend the leads
at 90 degrees as shown above.
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Diodes (D1-D3):
D2
D3
D1
Black and white overlay
- Solder one (1) of the bent diodes into the footprint
labeled D1 on the board.
- Note: Diodes are polarized and the black line on the
diode must overlay the white line on the footprint.
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Diodes (D1-D3):
D2
D3
D1
- Solder one (1) of the bent diodes into the footprint
labeled D2.
- Check polarity.
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Diodes (D1-D3):
D2
D3
D1
- Solder one (1) of the bent diodes into the footprint
labeled D3.
- Check polarity.
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RockOn! 2009
ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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Transistors:
Bent power transistor, T1
Bent NPN transistor, T2
- Take the power transistor, T1, and the NPN transistor,
T2, from the kit and use the bending and prodding
tool to bend the leads as shown above.
- Note: Advance to the next slide/page to place these
transistors in their footprints to determine the bend
location and radius.
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Transistors (T1):
T1
- Solder the power transistor, T1, into its footprint and
ensure that the bend allows it to lay flush with its heat
sink.
- Ensure that T1 is flush with the heat sink BEFORE
soldering it into its footprint.
- DO NOT solder T1 to the heat sink.
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Transistors (T2):
T2
- Place and solder the bent NPN transistor, T2, into its
footprint and ensure that the bend allows it to lay
flush with the board.
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Resistors:
- The next several steps install the resistors for the power
sub system. There are four (4) different types of resistors
for this sub system: 10K, 100K, 1K, and 3.3K.
- The resistors will lay more flush with the board if the
bending and prodding tool is used first to bend the
resistors as shown above.
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Resistors (10K):
R4
R3
R2
R10
- Bend four (4) of the 10K resistors in the kit as
indicated previously and solder them into footprints
R2, R3, R4, and R10.
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Resistors (1K):
R8
- Bend one (1) of the 1K resistors in the kit as indicated
previously and solder it into footprint R8.
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R9
Resistors (1K):
- Bend one (1) of the 1K resistors in the kit as indicated
previously and solder it into footprint R9.
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Resistors (100K):
R7
- Bend one (1) of the 100K resistors in the kit as
indicated previously and solder it into footprint R7.
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Activation Schematic 1 (D2):
Power from batteries
- This circuitry allows power to the board to be switched on
when the rocket launches.
52
Highlight your schematic
RockOn! 2009
Activation Schematic 2 (D2):
- The acceleration of
launch closes the Gswitch.
- If the G-switch is closed
while the RBF Pin
header is shorted, the
system turns on.
- T2 keeps T1 on even
after the G-switch is
released.
- Everything stays on until
the battery is removed.
53
Highlight your schematic
RockOn! 2009
On LED Schematic (C2):
5V Power Bus
- The ON LED indicates that
the system is receiving
power.
- It will not turn on until after
the next section (Power
Regulation).
- R9 prevents the LED from
drawing too much power.
54
Highlight your schematic
RockOn! 2009
Power System
Test 1:
9V Supply, Flight
Pin, RDY LED
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1 hr, 20 min55
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Power System Test 1:
- Take out the multimeter that was
provided.
- Insert the red plug into the port labeled
VΩHz.
- Insert the black plug into the port
labeled COM.
COM
VΩHz
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Power System Test 1:
- Turn on the multimeter.
- Turn the dial to the 20V DC setting.
- Place the red lead on the positive battery terminal.
- Place the black lead on the negative battery terminal.
- If you do not get a reading of above 9V, raise your hand.
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Power System Test 1:
+
- Set multimeter in continuity test mode.
- Place red lead on the positive power terminal.
- Place black lead on GND.
- If a beep is heard, please raise your hand.
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Power System Test 1:
NOTE: Red wire
from LED
connects to “+”
on board
Jumper
- Connect your battery to the circuit (red wire is positive).
- Connect the red LED to the “RDY” header.
- Connect the jumper to “RBF Pin.”
- If the red LED does not light, please raise your hand.
- Final Step - Disconnect the battery from the board!
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RockOn! 2009
Current Sub System:
Power Subsystem:
Activation
Power Regulation
Sensor Subsystem:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
AVR, Memory, & In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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RockOn! 2009
Power Regulation Schematic 1 (C1):
3.3V Output
- Voltage regulators turn the 9 Volts provided by the battery
into the 5 Volt and 3.3 Volt power supplies required by the
digital components.
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Power Regulation Schematic 2 (A3):
- Capacitors can be used to filter power supplies by storing
energy when the voltage is slightly too high and releasing it
when the voltage is too low. There is a capacitor for each
power supply (5V, 3.3V, and 9V) and also at the power
input pins of every chip.
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RockOn! 2009
ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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3.3V Voltage Regulator:
3.3 VREG
Take one (1) 3.3 VREG from the kit (L69B) and solder it to the
board.
TIP: Place a large blob of solder (2 linear inches) onto the side
of the soldering iron’s tip, and tack the large pad on first.
Once the large pad is tacked, solder the remaining pads.
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5V Voltage Regulator:
5.0 VREG
Using the technique described on the previous slide, solder
one (1) 5.0 VREG onto the board as shown above.
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Capacitors (C1):
10μF(C1)
Take one (1) 10μF capacitor from the kit and solder it
into the footprint labeled C1.
Note: These capacitors are not polarized
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Capacitors (C2, C6, C7):
.1μF(C2)
.1μF(C6)
.1μF(C7)
Take three (3) .1μF capacitors from the kit and solder them
into the footprints labeled C2, C6, and C7.
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Power Regulation Schematic 1 (C1):
3.3V Output
- Voltage regulators turn the 9 Volts provided by the battery
into the 5 Volt and 3.3 Volt power supplies required by the
digital components.
68
Highlight your schematic
RockOn! 2009
Power Regulation Schematic 2 (A3):
- Capacitors can be used to filter power supplies by storing
energy when the voltage is slightly too high and releasing it
when the voltage is too low. There is a capacitor for each
power supply (5V, 3.3V, and 9V) and also at the power
input pins of every chip.
69
Highlight your schematic
RockOn! 2009
Power System
Test 2:
ON LED, 3.3 V
Supply, 5.0 V Supply
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1 hr, 50 min70
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ON LED Test:
Connections:
9 V Batt.
ON LED
RDY LED
Jumper
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
- Connect the battery
G-Switch
NOTE: Red wires
from LEDs
connect to “+” on
board
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ON LED Test 2:
Expected Results:
- The red LED should be
illuminated, but not the
green LED
9 V Batt.
ON LED
RDY LED
- Click the G-Switch
Jumper
- The green LED should
illuminate
G-Switch
- Raise your hand if you
do not see these results
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3.3 VREG Test:
Connections:
- Place the multimeter in 20V mode.
- Touch the black terminal to the large pad of the 3.3 VREG
(Ground)
- Touch the red terminal to pin closest to the label Vreg3.3
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3.3 VREG Test:
Expected Results:
- The multimeter should read 3.3 ± 0.1 Volts.
- If you do not see these results, please raise your hand.
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5.0 VREG Test:
Connections:
- Place the multimeter in 20V mode.
- Touch the black terminal to the large pad of the 5.0 VREG
(Ground)
- Touch the red terminal to pin closest to the label Vreg5.0
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5.0 VREG Test:
Expected Results:
- The multimeter should read 5.0 ± 0.1 Volts.
- If you do not see these results, please raise your hand.
Final Step - Disconnect the battery
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RockOn! 2009
Current Sub System:
Power Subsystem:
Activation
Power Regulation
Sensor Subsystem:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
AVR, Memory, & In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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RockOn! 2009
Temperature Sensor Schematic (C5):
Filter capacitor
- The temperature sensor outputs an analog voltage which is
proportional to the temperature. A filter capacitor on the
power supply reduces the noise in the output signal.
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RockOn! 2009
ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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Temperature Sensor:
Temp. Sens.
- The assistants will now give you a temperature sensor.
- Use a similar technique used on the Vregs to solder the
temperature sensor to its pads
- TIP: Have one of your partners hold it in place with the
provided tweezers while a pin is tacked in place.
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Capacitor (C8):
Take one (1) .1μF capacitor from the kit, and solder the
capacitor into the footprint labeled C8.
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Temperature Sensor Schematic (C5):
Filter capacitor
- The temperature sensor outputs an analog voltage which is
proportional to the temperature. A filter capacitor on the
power supply reduces the noise in the output signal.
82
Highlight your schematic
RockOn! 2009
Temperature
Sensor Test
RockOn! 2009
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Temperature Sensor Test 1:
Connections:
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
- Connect the battery
- Click/Activate the G-Switch
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Temperature Sensor Test 2:
Connections 2:
- Place the multimeter in 2V mode.
- Place the black terminal on the
large temperature sensor pad.
- Place the red terminal on the pin
nearest “p” in Temp.
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Temperature Sensor Test 2:
Expected Results:
- If the multimeter does not display a
voltage of 0.7 ± 0.1 Volts, please raise
your hand.
- Ensure that your partner has his/her
ESD band on and have him/her place
his/her finger on the sensor.
- If you do not see an increase in
voltage, raise your hand.
Final Step - Disconnect the battery
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Current Sub System:
Power Subsystem:
Activation
Power Regulation
Sensor Subsystem:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
AVR, Memory, & In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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Development Area Introduction:
- The development area,
also known as the
breadboard, allows
additional components to
be added to the board. It
makes the board more
reusable and versatile.
I/O Access points
- The development area gives access to all the microcontroller
input and output (I/O) pins as well as 3.3V, 5V, and 9V
power.
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Development Area Schematic:
Power access
I/O Access
I/O Access
I/O Access
I/O Access
Power access
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Development Area Tips:
- When using the breadboard, keep in mind that other
parts will use it later, so make sure that the wires
crossing the breadboard are not so tight that the area
underneath them is unusable.
- For wires, use the convention that red is power, black is
ground, and blue and white are data.
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ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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Pressure Sensor 1:
Notched PWR Pin
- Remove one (1) pressure sensor from the kit.
- Find the notched pin (shown above) that will be
connected to 5 Volts DC.
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Pressure Sensor 2:
NC
NC
Ground
NC
Data
NC
Power
NC
Power Goes Here.
- Carefully insert the pressure sensor into the breadboard.
- The row of NC pins should be in column 8.
- The notched power pin should be in row 4, column 2.
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Pressure Sensor 3:
- Now turn the board over and solder all 8 pins.
- Note: DO NOT KEEP THE IRON ON ANY PIN LONGER
THAN 2-3 SECONDS WITHOUT ALLOWING 10
SECONDS OF COOLING TIME.
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Bridging 1:
Bridging 101:
- Building in a bread board section usually calls for a
technique called “bridging.”
- If you are unfamiliar with bridging, it is used to make
electrical connection between components when pre-printed
traces do not already exits.
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Bridging 2:
Good Bridge
Bridging 101:
- To bridge, a good technique calls for bending leads and
wire over each other before clipping them.
- Once leads and/or wires are in contact, apply a generous
amount of solder to create a solder bead between the leads
of interest. See the pictures above.
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Pressure Sensor 4:
PWR Bridge
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch red wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into a 5V source.
- Insert the other end into row 4, column 1 (next to power pin).
- Bridge the red wire to the power pin on the pressure sensor.
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Pressure Sensor 5:
GND Bridge
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch black wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into GND.
- Insert the other end into row 2, column 1 (next to ground pin).
- Bridge the black wire to the ground pin on the pressure sensor.
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Pressure Sensor 6:
Data Bridge
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch blue wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into A7.
- Insert the other end into row 3, column 1 (next to data pin).
- Bridge the blue wire to the data pin on the pressure sensor.
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Development Area Schematic:
Power access
I/O Access
I/O Access
I/O Access
I/O Access
Power access
100
Highlight your schematic
RockOn! 2009
Pressure
Sensor Test
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2 hr, 50 min101
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Pressure Sensor Test:
Connections 1:
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
- Connect the battery
- Click/Activate the G-Switch
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Pressure Sensor Test:
Connections 2:
- Place the multimeter in 20V mode.
- Place the black terminal on GND.
- Place the red terminal at A7 (blue
wire).
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Pressure Sensor Test:
Expected Results:
- Your multimeter should read
between 4.3 to 4.5 Volts (sea level).
- If you do not see these results, please
raise your hand for assistance.
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Pressure Sensor Test:
Expected Results:
Straw
- You should also find a red coffee
stirring straw in your kit.
- Place one end over the pressure
sensor and suck on the other end.
<DO NOT BLOW>
- You should see the voltage drop.
- If your results vary, please raise your
hand.
Final Step - Disconnect the battery
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Current Sub System:
Power Subsystem:
Activation
Power Regulation
Sensor Subsystem:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
AVR, Memory, & In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
106
RockOn! 2009
X & Y Axis Accelerometer Socket Schematic (A6):
- The accelerometers output
analog voltages
proportional to the
acceleration they feel in a
particular axis.
- Low range accelerometers
have much higher precision
than high range
accelerometers, but will
saturate if the acceleration
is too great.
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X & Y Axis Accelerometers Schematic (B5):
- The accelerometers
are very sensitive and
difficult to solder, so
they have been
provided on a socket
which can be soldered
to the board.
- To reduce noise there
are capacitors on the
power supply and
analog outputs of the
accelerometers.
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X & Y Accelerometers 1:
- Take out four (4) of the 2X1 headers from the kit. Share
pliers with your neighbors, and break one (1) 2X1
header into two 1X1 headers.
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X & Y Accelerometers 2:
2X1
2X1
2X1
1X1
- Place and solder the three (3) 2X1 headers into the 2X1
holes in the ACC footprint.
- Place and solder the one (1) 1X1 header into the 1X1
hole in the ACC footprint.
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X & Y Accelerometers 3:
- Place and solder the provided X&Y accelerometer board
onto the headers added in the previous step.
- Caution: When clipping these leads, ensure that you have
your safety glasses on. Hold the leads while clipping them.
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Capacitors (C5, CX, CY):
C5
CX
CY
- Solder three (3) of the .1μF capacitors into the footprints
labeled CX, CY, and C5.
- Note: These capacitors are located near the accelerometers
that were just mounted.
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X & Y Axis Accelerometer Socket Schematic (A6):
- The accelerometers output
analog voltages
proportional to the
acceleration they feel in a
particular axis.
- Low range accelerometers
have much higher precision
than high range
accelerometers, but will
saturate if the acceleration
is too great.
113
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X & Y Axis Accelerometers Schematic (B5):
- The accelerometers
are very sensitive and
difficult to solder, so
they have been
provided on a socket
which can be soldered
to the board.
- To reduce noise there
are capacitors on the
power supply and
analog outputs of the
accelerometers.
114
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Current Sub System:
Power Subsystem:
Activation
Power Regulation
Sensor Subsystem:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
AVR, Memory, & In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
115
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Z Axis Accelerometer Schematic (C6):
- There is one high range and
one low range Z axis
accelerometer.
- Since the Z axis
accelerometers must be
mounted vertically, they are
on a separate board, which
connects to the main board
with four wires.
- As before, power supply and
output filter capacitors
reduce noise in the data.
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Z Accelerometer Header:
- Solder one (1) 4X1 header into the footprint next to the
pressure sensor.
- Note: This header will connect the Z accelerometer board to
the main board.
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Z Accelerometer Cable:
- Strip and solder the four (4) wire Z Accelerometer Connector
into the Z Accelerometer board.
- White goes to “L”, Black to “-”, Red to “+”, and Blue to “H”.
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Z Accelerometer Cable:
- Now that the wires have been soldered in, make sure that the
leads are clipped as close to the board as possible to prevent
shorting on the structural mount that will be added later.
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Capacitors (CZ and C9):
Solder two (2) .1μF capacitors into the footprints labeled C9 and
CZ on the Z accelerometer board.
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Capacitors (CZ and C9):
- Now that the capacitors have been soldered in, make sure that
the leads are clipped as close to the board as possible to
prevent shorting on the structural mount that will be added
later.
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Z Axis Accelerometer Schematic (C6):
- There is one high range and
one low range Z axis
accelerometer.
- Since the Z axis
accelerometer must be
mounted vertically, it is on a
separate board, which
connects to the main board
with four wires.
- As before, power supply and
output filter capacitors
reduce noise in the data.
122
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Accelerometer
Test:
X, Y, and Z Axis
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A Summary:
At this point, you should be able to match the picture below. To
complete the accelerometer tests, make the following
connections.
Connections 1:
- Connect the LEDs:
-Red to RDY
-Green to ON
- Connect the G-Switch
- Connect the jumper to RBF Pin
- Connect z-axis accel. board
Blue wire to “H”, red to “+”
- Connect the battery
- Click/Activate the G-Switch
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Accelerometer Test 1:
Connections 2:
- Place the multimeter in 20V mode.
- Place the black terminal on GND or
the 3.3 VREG’s largest pad.
- Place the red terminal in A0.
Expected Results:
- You should read 2.5 ± 0.2 Volts.
- Raise your hand if you do not get
these results.
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Accelerometer Test 2:
Connections 3:
- Ensure that one partner has an
ESD strap on.
- Have this partner hold the Z
Accelerometer board flat against
the static mat.
- Keep black terminal on GND
- Move red terminal from A0
through A5.
Expected Results:
- If you do not read 2.5 ± 0.2 Volts on
all pins, please raise your hand.
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Accelerometer Test 3:
Pin Summary:
A0: X-Low Range
A1: Y-Low Range
A2: Z-Low Range
A3: X-High Range
A4: Y-High Range
A5: Z-High Range
Sanity Check:
- Have your ESD safe partner
reorient the Z Accelerometer
board and main board.
- Measure voltages on A0-A5
- If you do not see voltages other
than 2.5 Volts, raise your hand.
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ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
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Accelerometer Test 4:
Tilt Test 1:
- You will notice that the XY accelerometer
board has an axis definition on it.
Axis
- Have your ESD safe partner rotate the
board so that the X axis points to the
ceiling.
- Now check the voltages on pins A0 and
A3.
-You should see an increase in voltage
(above 2.5 Volts) on both, but the
change will be smaller on A3.
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Accelerometer Test 5:
Tilt Test 2:
- You will notice that the XY accelerometer
board has an axis definition on it.
Axis
- Have your ESD safe partner rotate the
board so that the Y axis points to the
ceiling.
- Now check the voltages on pins A1 and
A4.
-You should see an increase in voltage
(above 2.5 Volts) on both, but the
change will be smaller on A4.
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Accelerometer Test 6:
Axis
Tilt Test 3:
- You will notice that the Z accelerometer
board has an axis definition on it.
- Have your ESD safe partner rotate the
board so that the Z axis points to the
ceiling.
- Now check the voltages on pins A2 and
A5.
-You should see an increase in voltage
(above 2.5 Volts) on both, but the
change will be smaller on A5.
Final Step - Disconnect the battery
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Current Sub System:
Power Subsystem:
Activation
Power Regulation
Sensor Subsystem:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
AVR, Memory, & In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
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Geiger Counter Interface:
- We will use more of the
development area for this
interface.
- We will use power and
ground from the power
access
- Data will be sampled on
D2
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Development Area Schematic:
Power access
I/O Access
I/O Access
I/O Access
I/O Access
Power access
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Geiger Header 1:
- Solder one (1) 3X1 header into the bread board section of the
board.
- The left most pin should be in row1, column 11.
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Geiger Header 2:
Power (9V)
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch red wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into a 9V source.
- Insert the other end into row 2, column 12.
- Bridge the red wire to the middle pin on the header as shown
above.
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Geiger Header 3:
GND
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch black wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into GND.
- Insert the other end into row 2, column 13.
- Bridge the black wire to the right most pin on the header as
shown above.
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Geiger Header 3:
Data
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch blue wire.
- Insert one end of the wire into D2.
- Insert the other end into row 0, column 11.
- Bridge the blue wire to the pin closest to the pressure sensor
on the header as shown above.
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Development Area Schematic:
Power access
I/O Access
I/O Access
I/O Access
I/O Access
Power access
139
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RockOn! 2009
Current Sub System:
Power Subsystem:
Activation
Power Regulation
Sensor Subsystem:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
AVR, Memory, & In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
140
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AVR Microcontroller Schematic 1 (B3):
- The AVR is the
computer that
controls the
system.
PD6
- PA0 through
PA7 are analog
inputs, used to
sample the
sensors.
Filter capacitor
- PD6 will be
used to control
an LED
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AVR Microcontroller Schematic 2 (B3):
- PB4 through
PB7 are a data
bus used to talk
to the flash
memory.
UART
- PD0 and PD1
are a Universal
Asynchronous
Receiver /
Transmitter
(UART) which
can send data to
a computer.
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Flash Memory Schematic (A1):
Filter capacitor
Flash Memory
- The flash
memory holds
two megabytes
of data.
- A level shifter
allows the
AVR, which
runs on 5V, to
communicate
with the 3.3V
flash memory.
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In-System Programming Schematic (B2):
- Using the ISP header with an AVRISP, which will be
introduced later, allows the AVR to be programmed without
removing it from the circuit.
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AVR Socket:
Notches
- Solder one (1) AVR DIP into the “AVR” footprint.
- Warning: Make sure that the notches are aligned as indicated
above and socket is flush with the board.
- Tip: It works well to tack two corners on the back side to
ensure it is mounted correctly before soldering all 40 pins.
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Capacitors (C3 and C4):
C3
C4
- Solder two (2) .1μF capacitors into the footprints labeled C3
and C4.
- Note: The footprints are located directly below the AVR Dip
that was installed in the previous step.
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Resistors (R1, R5, R6):
R6
R5
R1
- Solder three (3) 10K resistors from the kit into the footprints
labeled R1, R5, and R6.
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ISP
ISP Header:
- Solder one (1) right angle header into the footprints labeled ISP.
- The bent pins should be the ones that are soldered.
- Caution: When clipping these leads, ensure that you are
wearing your eye protection and holding the leads.
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Indicator LED 1:
- Solder one (1) 3.3K resistor into bread board section as
indicated above.
- The right most lead of the resistor should be in row 1, column
15.
- The left most lead of the resistor should be in row 1, column 19.
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Flat Side
Indicator LED 2:
Bridge
- Solder one (1) red LED into bread board section as indicated
above.
- Make sure that the flat side of the LED is adjacent to the
resistor.
- The left lead will go in row 1, column 20.
- The right lead will go in row 1, column 21.
- Turn the board over and bridge the flat side lead to the resistor.
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Bridge
Indicator LED 3:
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch blue wire.
- Solder one end of the wire into row 1, column 14 adjacent to
the resistor.
- Solder the other end into D6.
- Bridge the blue wire and resistor on the backside of the board
as indicated above.
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Bridge
Indicator LED 4:
5V PWR
- Strip both ends of one (1) 1.5 inch red wire.
- Solder one end of the wire into row 1, column 22 adjacent to
the LED.
- Solder the other end into a 5 Volt source.
- Bridge the wire and LED on the backside of the board as
indicated above.
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AVR Microcontroller Schematic 1 (B3):
- The AVR is the
computer that
controls the
system.
- PA0 through
PA7 are analog
inputs, used to
sample the
sensors.
PD6
Filter capacitor
- PD6 will be
used to control
an LED
153
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RockOn! 2009
AVR Microcontroller Schematic 2 (B3):
- PB4 through
PB7 are a data
bus used to talk
to the flash
memory.
UART
- PD0 and PD1
are a Universal
Asynchronous
Receiver /
Transmitter
(UART) which
can send data to
a computer.
154
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RockOn! 2009
Flash Memory Schematic (A1):
Filter capacitor
Flash Memory
- The flash
memory holds
two megabytes
of data.
- A level shifter
allows the
AVR, which
runs on 5V, to
communicate
with the 3.3V
flash memory.
155
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RockOn! 2009
In-System Programming Schematic (B2):
- Using the ISP header with an AVRISP, which will be
introduced later, allows the AVR to be programmed without
removing it from the circuit.
156
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RockOn! 2009
Current Sub System:
Power Subsystem:
Activation
Power Regulation
Sensor Subsystem:
Temperature Sensor
Pressure Sensor
X & Y Axis Accelerometers
Z Axis Accelerometers
Geiger Counter Interface
Command and Data Handling:
AVR, Memory, & In-System Serial Programming (ISP)
Data Retrieval
157
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Level Shifter Board Schematic (D4):
- The level shifter board allows the AVR, which runs on 5V, to
communicate with a computer serial port, which uses +/- 12V.
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Data Header:
- Solder one (1) right angle header into the footprints labeled
Data on the Main Board.
- The bent pins should be the ones that are soldered.
- Caution: When clipping these leads, ensure that you are
wearing your eye protection.
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Data Header 2:
Data
- Solder one (1) right angle header into the footprints labeled
Data on the Data Board.
- The bent pins should be the ones that are soldered.
- Caution: When clipping these leads, ensure that you are
wearing your eye protection.
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Level Shifter Socket:
- Solder one (1) level shifter socket into the footprint labeled
Level Shifter.
- Tip: It works well to tack two corners on the back side to
ensure it is mounted correctly before soldering all pins.
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DB9 Serial Connector:
- Solder one (1) DB9 serial connector into the data transfer
board.
- Make sure that the connector is flush with the board and the
prongs are securing the board before you begin soldering.
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Resistors (R11):
- Solder one (1) 10k resistor into the footprint labeled R11.
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Capacitors (C10):
C10
Solder one (1) 1μF capacitor into the footprint labeled C10.
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Data LED:
- Solder one (1) red LED into the footprint labeled ON.
- Note: LEDs are polarized. The flat side of the LED is the
negative side and should be placed in the footprint accordingly.
165
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ESD/Heat Concern:
WARNING:
ESD
The following components
are extremely ESD and
heat sensitive!

Q
ESD is electrostatic discharge caused by built up charge on
your person from not wearing your protective ESD wrist
strap.
When soldering heat sensitive components, use the guideline
2-3 on, 8-10 seconds off.
166
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Level Shifter Insertion:
Notch
Notch
LS
- Remove the level shifter from the ESD foam.
- Align the notch from the level shifter with the one on the level
shifter dip on the board, and GENTLY work the level shifter
into the socket.
- Take your time with this, bent leads are extremely difficult to
straighten.
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AVR Insertion:
Notch
AVR
Notch
- Remove the AVR from the ESD foam.
- Align the notch from the AVR with the one on the AVR socket
on the board, and GENTLY work the AVR into the socket.
- Take your time with this, bent leads are extremely difficult to
straighten.
168
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Final Products:
AVR Board
Z-Accel. Board
Data Board
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Congratulations!
The board is now complete
and ready for software and
testing.
RockOn! 2009
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