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ECG ELECTRON COMBUSTION GRAPH FOLLOW THE BOUNCING ELECTRON STEVE ZACK 1 UNDERSTANDING THE PATTERN 2 LAB SCOPE • PULSE WIDTH (P.W.) IS THE TIME THE CIRCUIT IS ON, COMPLETING ITS PATH TO GROUND • MEASURED IN MILLISECONDS (m.s.) • MEASURED FROM THE BEGINNING OF ON TO THE END OF ON LAB SCOPE PULSE WIDTH ON PULSE WIDTH OFF OFF LAB SCOPE • FREQUENCY (Hz) IS THE NUMBER OF TIMES SOMETHING OCCURS WITH IN ONE SECOND • MEASURED IN HERTZ (Hz) LAB SCOPE FREQUENCY 2 OCCURENCES EVERY SECOND EQUALS 2 Hz 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 MILLISECONDS 2 HOOKING UP THE SCOPE 7 LAB SCOPE • TO TEST A SENSOR, BACK PROBE THE SENSOR SIGNAL RETURN WIRE • TO TEST AN ACTUATOR, BACK PROBE THE COMPUTER CONTROLLED GROUND SENSOR - BACK PROBE SIGNAL RETURN HALL EFFECT SWITCH 9 ACTUATOR (INJECTOR) BACK PROBE COMPUTER CONTROLLED GROUND INJECTOR 10 LAB SCOPE • NOISE IN A WAVE FORM CAN BE CAUSED BY AN OUTSIDE SOURCE OR MAGNETIC FIELD • ALWAYS USE THE SCOPES CHASSIS GROUND AND HOOK IT TO THE ENGINE BLOCK • KEEP THE SCOPE LEADS AWAY FROM ELECTRICAL DEVISES GROUND CHASSIS GROUND NOICE 12 PATTERN INTERPRETATION 13 SENSOR SIGNAL RETURN - HI PICK UP COIL VSS, WSS, DISTRIBUTER SENSOR SIGNAL RETURN - LO 14 GOOD PATTERN BAD PATTERN WEAK PICKUP COIL BAD PATTERN MISALIGNED POLE PIECE 15 SENSOR SIGNAL RETURN TPS CTS 16 GOOD PATTERN BAD PATTERN OPEN IN SENSOR RESISTOR BAD PATTERN LOW RESISTANCE IN SENSOR BAD PATTERN HIGH RESISTANCE IN SENSOR 17 SENSOR SIGNAL RETURN HALL EFFECT SWITCH DISTRIBUTER CRANK SENSOR MAF 18 GOOD PATTERN SIGNATURE PROFILE PIP #1 TDC GOOD PATTERN AS LOAD OR SPEED INCREASE, Hz INCREASE BAD PATTERN TIME CHANGE WITHOUT LOAD CHANGE BAD PATTERN OFF SIGNAL CRASH 19 BAD PATTERN ON SIGNAL NOT STABLE BAD PATTERN LOOSE GROUND WIRE BAD PATTERN LOOSE VOLTAGE WIRE 20 COMPUTER CONTROLLED GROUND INJECTOR SOLENOID 21 GOOD PATTERN GOOD PATTERN NARROW P.W. - LEAN WIDE P.W. - RICH GOOD PATTERN LOW FREQUENCY LEAN HIGH FREQUENCY RICH BAD PATTERN 22 LOOSE VOLTAGE WIRE BAD PATTERN LOOSE GROUND WIRE BAD PATTERN WEAK SOLENOID COIL 23 ALTERNATOR OUTPUT TO BATTERY + ALTERNATOR CHARGING SYSTEM - ALTERNATOR DIODE 24 GOOD PATTERN BAD PATTERN BOUNCING BRUSH BAD PATTERN POSITIVE DIODE SPIKE BAD PATTERN NEGATIVE DIODE SPIKE BAD PATTERN 25 OPEN DIODE BAD PATTERN FLAT DIODE BAD PATTERN POOR BRUSH CONTACT BAD PATTERN EXCESS AC VOLTAGE 26 O2 SIGNAL RETURN HO2S HEGO EGO O2 SENSOR 27 GOOD O2 PATTERN SECONDARY OR LEAN MISFIRE 28 O2 SENSOR TEST LESS THAN 100ms O2 SENSOR MUST SWITCH RICH TO LEAN AND LEAN TO RICH IN LESS THAN 100ms FOR CATALYST TO OPERATE TEST AT 2000 RPM ENGINE AT OPERATING TEMPERATURE SINGLE SPARK PLUG WIRE TEST - POLARITY MAY NEED TO BE REVERSED TO INVERT PATTERN 30 PERCEPTION SCOPE - SECONDARY IGNITION TEST • ENGINE HOT • 1000 RPM • SPECIFICATIONS – BURN kV = 1.1 kV TO 2.1 kV – BURN TIME = 1.0 ms TO 1.8 ms – FIRING kV = • 7.5 kV TO 12 kV DISTRIBUTER • 5 kV TO 12 kV DIS 31 GOOD - PATTERN FOULED PLUG - CARBON TURBULENCE, INTAKE VALVE, CARBON ON INTAKE VALVE, CARBON ON PLUG LOW COMPRESSION 32 EXHAUST VALVE FOULED PLUG - OIL, FUEL, CARBON INTAKE VALVE, LEAN MISFIRE FUEL FOWLING, RICH CONDITION - CONDENSING 33 AT CYLINDER WALLS TROUBLE TREE CHART 34 TROUBLE TREE CHART STEP A: TO TEST ALL CIRCUITS AND THE SENSOR. BACK PROBE SIGNAL RETURN AT THE PCM. NO PROBLEM - CIRCUIT OK YES PROBLEM - GO TO STEP B 35 STEP A PCM 36 TROUBLE TREE CHART STEP B: TO TEST SENSOR, 5 VOLT AND GROUND CIRCUIT. BACK PROBE SIGNAL RETURN AT THE SENSOR. NO PROBLEM - REPAIR SIGNAL RETURN CIRCUIT YES PROBLEM ANALOG SENSOR - GO TO STEP C DIGITAL SENSOR - GO TO STEP D 37 STEP B SENSOR 38 TROUBLE TREE CHART STEP C: ANALOG SENSOR TO TEST 5 VOLT AND GROUND CIRCUIT. BACK PROBE 5 VOLT AND GROUND CIRCUIT. NO PROBLEM - REPLACE SENSOR YES PROBLEM - REPAIR 5 VOLT OR GROUND CIRCUIT 39 STEP C 5 VOLT STEP C REFERENCE SENSOR GROUND 40 TROUBLE TREE CHART STEP D: DIGITAL SENSOR THREE AREAS A - VOLTAGE SUPPLY CIRCUIT (PROBLEMS - REPAIR CIRCUIT) B - SENSOR (PROBLEMS - REPLACE SENSOR) C - GROUND CIRCUIT (PROBLEMS - REPAIR CIRCUIT) 41 SUMMARY TROUBLE SHOOTING PROCEDURE “B” 5 VOLT “A” 0 VOLT “C”
