Download Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech
Regular English
Grammar Review
Nouns
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A noun is a word that names a person, place,
thing, or idea. Ex: brother, porch, television,
truth
A common noun is a general name for a person,
place, thing, or idea. Ex: man, holiday, language,
city
A proper noun is the name of a particular
person, place, thing, or idea. Capitalize proper
nouns. Ex: Einstein, Labor Day, Spanish, Miami
Nouns
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Singular nouns name one person, place, thing, or
idea. Ex: award, horse, knife, woman
Plural nouns name more than one. Ex: awards,
horses, knives, women
A collective noun names a group – people or
things that are regarded as one unit. Ex: tribe,
litter, flock, committee, batch
Nouns
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A concrete noun names something perceptible to the
senses – something that can be seen, heard, smelled,
touched, or tasted. Ex: coin, hand, fire, computer
An abstract noun names something that cannot be
perceived through the senses, such as an idea, quality,
emotion, or state. An abstract noun names something
you can think about but cannot see or touch. Ex:
jealousy, freedom, laziness
Nouns
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A compound noun consists of two or more words used
together as a single noun. A compound noun may be
written as one word, as two words, or as a hyphenated
word. Ex: bookcase, ice cream, great-grandmother,
sunshine, New York
A possessive noun shows ownership or belonging. Add
an apostrophe and s to a singular noun; add only an
apostrophe to a plural noun ending in s. Ex: dog’s,
horses’, women’s
Pronouns
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A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or
another pronoun. The word that a pronoun
stands for is called its antecedent. Ex: Jasmine is
celebrating her birthday.
Personal pronouns refer to the first person (I),
second person (you), and third person (he, she,
it). Ex: I think you should be nice to him.
Pronouns
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A possessive pronoun shows ownership or
belonging. Possessive pronouns used to replace
nouns: mine, yours, hers, his, its, ours, theirs.
Possessive pronouns used as adjectives to
modify nouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their.
Pronouns
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Reflexive and Intensive: Both reflexive and
intensive pronouns are formed by adding - self
or – selves to a personal pronoun. A reflexive
pronoun reflects back on a preceding noun or
pronoun. Ex: Kim helped herself to seconds on
the buffet. An intensive pronoun add emphasis
to a noun or pronoun in the same sentence. Ex:
No one asked the doctor herself if she needed
help.
Pronouns
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An interrogative pronoun is used to ask a
question. Ex: who, whom, which, what, whose
A demonstrative pronoun points out specific
persons, places, things, or ideas. Ex: this, these,
(near in space or time) that, those (distant in
space or time)
A relative pronoun introduces a subordinate
clause. Ex: who, whom, which, what, that
Pronouns
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An indefinite pronoun does not refer to a
specific person or thing. Ex: Someone, another,
anybody, anyone, everybody, both, few, many, all
, any, more, most, none, some, etc.
Verbs
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A verb is a word used to express action,
condition, or state of being.
An action verb expresses an action (physical or
mental). Ex: create, steal, visualize, believe,
know. Action verbs may be transitive or
intransitive. A transitive verb transfers the action
from the subject toward a direct object. Ex: A
group of volunteers painted a mural on the wall.
Verbs
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An intransitive verb does not transfer action so
it does not have an object. Ex: I waited patiently.
A linking verb connects the subject with a word
or words that identify or describe the subject.
Ex: Judge Bianca is also a professor of law. The
decision remains his.
Auxiliary verbs, also called helping verbs, help
indicate voice, mood, or tense. Ex: The officers
had been planning a surprise retirement party.
Adjectives and Adverbs
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Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers – they
describe other words in a sentence.
An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. Ex:
Hawaii has titanic waves.
An adjective qualifies or specifies the meaning
of the noun it modifies. It answers one of these
questions: What kind? Which one? How many?
How much?
Articles also serve has adjectives: THE, A, AN
ARTICLES
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A is used before consonant sounds.
An is used before vowel sounds.
The is called a definite article. It refers to a
specific person, place, or thing.
Adverbs
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An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb. Ex: The waves crash very
dangerously.
Most adverbs end in –ly. They answer these
questions about the words they modify:
How?
Where?
When?
To what degree?
Adverbs
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The word NOT and the contraction n’t are
considered ADVERBS.
Examples
1. I will call tomorrow.
2. His phone rings often.
3. We are truly sorry.
4. The speaker will stand here.
Prepositions
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A preposition is a word used to show the
relationship between a noun or pronoun and
some other word in the sentence.
Ex: He yelled to the child. He yelled at the child.
He yelled about the child. He yelled near the
child.
Prepositions
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A preposition always introduces a phrase called
a prepositional phrase, which ends in a noun or
pronoun called the object of the preposition. If
the object has modifiers, they are also part of
the prepositional phrase. Ex: Drag the cursor to
the very last item.
Prepositions
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A compound preposition is a preposition that
consists of more than one word. Ex: according
to, in addition to, prior to, by means of, on
account of, in place of, in spite of, aside from.
Conjunctions and Interjections
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A conjunction is a word used to join words or
groups of words.
A coordinating conjunction connects words or
groups of words that have equal importance in a
sentence. Ex: and, but, or, for, so yet, nor
Conjunctions and Interjections
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Correlative conjunctions are pairs of
conjunctions that connect words or groups of
words. Always used in pairs, they correlate with
one another. Ex: Neither . . . nor, either . . . or,
not only . . . but also
Subordinating conjunctions introduce
subordinate clauses – clauses that cannot stand
alone. Ex: After Paco tried snowboarding, he
was hooked.
Conjunctions and Interjections
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An interjection is a word or short phrase used to
express emotion. It has no grammatical
connection to other words in a sentence.
Interjections are usually set off from the rest of
a sentence by a comma or exclamation mark.
Ex: Wow! We won! My, I have heard everything
now.