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Inovace výuky na Gymnáziu Otrokovice formou DUMů CZ.1.07/1.5.00/34.0488 Anglický jazyk Present Perfect Tenses Mgr. Žaneta Janečková Present Perfect Simple • FORM: have / has + past participle • USE: connects the past and the present • We use it when we talk about an action which started in the past and continuous up to the present, especially with state verbs. e.g. I have been a teacher for eight years. • We use the present perfect simple for an action which has recently finished and has a result now. e.g. I have prepared dinner. (= and now here it is) • The exact time of a past action is not mentioned • The present perfect simple is used to announce a recent happening. e.g. I have bought a new car. Time expressions • how long How long have you been ill? • for I have been ill for three days. • since I have been ill since yesterday. • lately /recently Have you seen him recently? • already I have already read this book. • yet Has he arrived yet? He hasn´t arrived yet. • just I have just had lunch. • always I have always loved dogs. • ever Have you ever been to London? • never I have never been to London. • so far She has sent ten invitations so far. • today/ this morning, week etc. I haven´t seen him this morning. Present Perfect Continuous • FORM: HAVE/HAS + BEEN+ VERB+-ING • USE: • When we want to emphasize duration of an action which started in the past and continuous up to the present. e.g. I have been writing my essay for two hours. 27. června 2012 7 • We use it for an activity which has recently or just stopped and the result is visible now. e.g. She is sunburnt. Has she been sitting in the sun? • We aren´t interested in the result of the activity (= present perfect simple). It doesn´t matter whether the activity has finished or not. e.g. I have been reading this book since 8 a.m and I have read 100 pages so far. 27. června 2012 8 TIME EXPRESSIONS • how long How long have they been playing tennis? • for They have been playing tennis for two hours. • since They have been playing tennis since 2 p.m. 27. června 2012 9 Použité zdroje • DOOLEY, Jenny a Virginia EVANS. Grammarway 3. Newbury: Express Publishing, 1999. 1st ed. ISBN 978-1-84216-367-2. . • MURPHY, Raymond. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. 2nd ed. ISBN 0521 43680 X. Všechny objekty použité k vytvoření prezentace jsou součástí SW Microsoft Office nebo jsou vlastní originální tvorbou autora. • 27. června 2012 10