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Sentence Development
Milly Grillone
FAO Junior Consultant
Some Hints…
• Word Order (Subject-Verb-Direct
Complement-Other Complements)
• Avoid Lists!!!! Transform the list into a
logical sentence
• Sentence Structure (links through
conjunctions)
• Word Choice
• Punctuation
First Considerations
• English sentences shorter than Arabic ones
• Brackets () or slashes //: Use when
appropriate. Remember that what you write
in brackets must be droppable without
compromising the meaning of the sentence
The share of agriculture in GDP is (25%).
Simple Rules
• No comma between subject and verb
Agriculture, is one of the main component of
GDP
• Subject-Verb Agreement: the subject and
the verb must agree in number, both must
be singular or both plurals (≠ Arabic!)
Syria have a comparative advantage
The media was biased in it’s reporting of the
event
SENTENCE DEVELOPMENT
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Why would you want to develop your
sentences?
Connect: Join ideas and build bridges
between thoughts.
Define:
Clarify terms that your readers
may not understand.
Describe: Supply your readers with clear,
vivid images which convey your meaning.
Explain:
Further elaborate on ideas which
need development.
Techniques For Sentence
Development
• Coordination - Links related ideas
Example:
Ideas separated:
He knows that he cannot physically fight.
He defends himself with words.
Ideas combined:
He knows that he cannot physically fight, so
he defends himself with words.
Techniques For Sentence
Development (2)
• Subordination - Illustrates dependency of
one idea upon another
Example:
Ideas separated:
The women's rights movement has
improved life for the women of today.
They are still fighting for equal rights.
Ideas combined:
Although the women's rights movement
has improved life for the women of today,
they are still fighting for equal rights.
Sentence Components That Can
Further Develop Ideas
Adjective Clause - Further defines nouns or pronouns using the words
which, that, who, whose, and whom.
Example: Wesley, who speaks only a few words in the beginning of the
movie, learns the art of fencing and, above all, the art of rhetoric.
Adverb Clause - Further defines verbs and other adverbs using words
such as because,
although, since, even if, in order that, if, whereas, after, before, and
when.
Example: The little boy groans with disgust when he opens the presenta book.
• Appositive - Allows more description by
renaming nouns and pronouns.
Example: Vizzini, a small, bald-headed criminal,
believes his intellect is above all.
• Prepositional Phrase – Provides additional
description in a sentence.
Example: As I watch the novel unfold before my
eyes on the television screen, I imagine the
Sophists sitting beside me.
Example: Studies show that television may affect
children's perception of aging and increase the
negative stereotypes of the elderly.
• Participial Phrase – Modifies sentences by
changing words commonly used as verbs to
adjectives.
Example: To write a well-developed sentence, one
should try to use participial phrases.
Example: Judging Carl by the look of his wrinkled
shirt and messy hair, Suzanne assumed he had
been partying all night.
Example: Developed fully, the essay was
extremely informative and enticing
Use of Conjunctions
Conjunctions are those connectors we use to tie words, phrases,
clauses or sentences together. Here is a list of other conjunctions:
and, but, or, when, while, since, until, after, before, later, because,
since, as, now that, so, although, and though.
In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a
comma after each term except the last one
Syria exports chickpeas, cotton, lentils and olives
Exceptions:
• co-ordinate clauses,
• grammatically separated sentences,
• the presence of another and mentioned before, which can
compromise readability.
Women generate additional income through cottage industries,
collect firewood and water, and perform household chores
including the processing and cooking of foods.
Pay attention to….
•THAT ≠ WHICH
•WHICH (separating a noun from its relative pronoun)
The idea which Asma put forward was interesting
(NOT The idea was interesting which Asma put forward)
•Which referring to a whole clause
He went back to Italy a year later, which surprised
everybody (NOT Sheep and goats accounted for 3% in
1989-90 and up to 8% in 1998-99 because bella race was
imported while awas race was exported to the Gulf
countries, which is demanded there - where it is
demanded)
Final Suggestion….
• Learn from your own mistakes and try not
to repeat them…….