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Magic Lens What is grammar? A way of thinking about language. What are the 4 levels of Analysis? Level 1: Parts of speech Level 2: Parts of a sentence Level 3: Phrases Level 4: Clauses How many parts of speech are there? What are they? Level 1 1. Nouns 2. Pronouns 3. Adjectives 4. Verbs 5. Adverbs 6. Conjunctions 7. Prepositions 8. Interjections What is a noun? The name of a person, place, thing, or idea What is a pronoun? A word that takes the place of a noun. Pronoun example Pronouns are quick little words we say, when we don ’t want to say a whole long noun. Instead of saying Robert Louis Stevenson (whew!) we can just say, he. What is a subject pronoun? Pronouns used for subjects of verbs and subject complements List the subject pronouns I you it she he we they What is an object pronoun? A pronoun used as direct or indirect objects, and objects of prepositions List the object pronouns me you it her him us them What is an adjective? A word that modifies a noun or pronoun. What is an article? a an the VERBS A word that shows action, being, or links a subject to its subject complement Action Verbs • Most verbs show ACTION. • They say the noun or pronoun is DOING something. Roberto paddled. He paddled. Linking Verbs But not all verbs are action verbs. Some verbs are LINKING verbs. A linking verb is like IS. It says the subject IS something. Quackers IS a duck. IS links duck to Quackers. Adverbs Modifies a verb, adjective or other adverbs Usually ends in –ly Describes how, how often, when and where. EXAMPLES: quickly, happily, noisily The baby cried noisily. How did the baby cry? It cried noisily. Conjunction A word that joins two words or two groups of words Coordinating Conjunctions and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet Correlative Conjunctions either. . . or neither. . . nor not only. . . but also Preposition Shows the relationship between its object and another word in the sentence Examples In the tent…. Under the tent…. Around the tent….. Beside the tent…… On the tent…… Beneath the tent…… Interjection Shows emotion but has no grammatical function Let’s try it out….. Label these sentences The brown dog is Bubba. He went under the house. The brown dog is Bubba. adj adj noun verb: linking noun He went under the house. pronoun verb:action prep adj noun Now you write a sentence and have your neighbor label it. Name the second level of Analysis? Level 1: Level 2: Parts of a sentence Level 3: Level 4: How many parts of a sentence are there? What are they? Level 2 1. Subject 2. Predicate Now add the 2nd Level of Analysis The brown dog is Bubba. adj adj noun verb: linking noun 2nd Level of Analysis The brown dog is Bubba. adj adj noun Complete SUBJECT verb: linking noun Complete PREDICATE He went under the house. pronoun Complete Subject verb:action prep adj Complete Predicate noun Now try some on your own. Write 2 sentences and have your neighbor diagram the 2 levels of Analysis.