Download The phonogram ed has three sounds.

What is a suffix?
• A suffix is a word part that is added to the end
of a word. Sometimes it changes the meaning
of a word and its part of speech.
Suffix -ed
• The suffix –ed is added to verbs (action words)
to place the action in the past.
(For example: Today I clean, yesterday I
cleaned the house.)
-ed has three sounds.
If a base word ends in the sound /d/
or /t/, adding -ed makes another
syllable that says /ed/ and is
pronounced as an extra syllable. For
example: faintED
Some regular past tense words that say
/ed/
acted
added
ended
painted
crowded
started
pointed
sounded
frosted
shouted
avoided
started
counted
floated
landed
printed
-ed says /d/
• If the base word ends in a voiced consonant sound, the
ending ed says /d/ (For example: arrive/arrived; waved is
pronounced /wayvd/)
• The -ed ending is not pronounced as an extra syllable.
Some regular past tense words that say /d/
called
crawled
yelled
destroyed
stayed
screamed
rained
allowed
screamed
yelled
spelled
frowned
learned
enjoyed
failed
listened
-ed says /t/
If the base word ends in an unvoiced
consonant sound, the ending -ed says /t/
(jumped). Unvoiced consonant sounds
are c, ch, f, gh, k, ks, p, s, sh, t...etc–
the –ed sound sounds like /t/ and is not
pronounced as an extra syllable. (For
example: forced – pronounced /forst/)
Some regular past tense words that say /t/
asked
wished
helped
walked
packed
mixed
laughed
cracked
passed
dressed
forced
fixed
licked
bumped
thanked
jumped
Add –ed to a regular verb
The most common spelling characteristic
of the regular past tense of a verb is that
-ed is added to the base form of the verb:
for example, opened, knocked, stayed, etc.
(Examples of irregular verbs are go, went, gone. We will learn
these later).
Rule 1: Words ending with a C-V-C Pattern
One-syllable words:
If the word ends in a CVC pattern, it gets a double consonant + ED.
Examples:
rub – rubbed
stop - stopped
Two-syllable words:
•If the stress is on the first syllable, the word only gets one consonant + ED.
Examples:
visit – visited
open – opened
•If the stress is on the second syllable, the word gets a double consonant + ED.
Examples:
refer – referred
admit - admitted
*note: Words ending in w,x,y,z do not follow this rule, simply add ED, Examples:
snow > snowed
Rule 2: Words ending in E
If the word ends in E, simply add D
Examples:
smile – smiled
fine - fined
Rule 3: Words ending in Y
Consonant + Y
If the word ends in Y, and has a consonant before it, change the y to i
and add ed.
Examples:
study – studied
marry - married
Vowel + Y
If the word ends in Y, and has a vowel before it, simply add ED.
Examples:
play – played
stay - stayed
Rule 4: Other words...
Words ending in two vowels + a consonant
If the word ends in two vowels + a consonant, simply add ED.
Examples:
dream -dreamed
rain - rained
Words ending in a double consonant:
If the word ends in a double consonant, simply add ED.
Examples:
park -parked
earn- earned