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What? Verbs are reflexive when the subject receives the action of the verb, in English we say “self or selves” Reflexive Pronouns are: Me Nos Te Os Se Se When do we use them? Reflexive verbs describe daily routines Some Common Reflexives: Ducharse Despertarse Levantarse Vestirse Examples: Me ducho cada día. Se levanta a las seis. Te despiertas a las diez. Se visten cada dia. I shower every day. She gets up at 6. You go to bed at 10. They get dressed everyday *Others describe a physical or emotional state Some Common Reflexives: Divertirse sentirse Examples: Me divertí mucho. I enjoyed myself. Se siente fatal. She feels awful. *Some describe a change of state and carry the additional meaning of “to get” or “to become” Some Common Reflexives: Enojarse aburrirse Ponerse cansarse Examples: Me aburro mucho. Te cansas. Se puso enojado. Nos enojamos. I became very bored. You became tired. He became angry. We became angry. Reflexive verbs that change meaning: Irse-to leave Parecerse-to look like Quitarse-to take off Perderse-to get lost Dormirse-to fall asleep Quedarse-to stay Volverse-to become Verbs that are always reflexive: Darse cuenta de-to realize Quejarse-to complain Portarse bien-to behave Reflexive pronouns in reciprocal actions: Reflexive pronouns in reciprocal actions: To indicate what people do to or for each other use “nos” and “se” before the first person and first person plural of the verb Mi hermana y yo nos hablamos cada dia. Alfonso y Jefe se pelean mucho. You may place the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive or participle in a verbal phrase. Vamos a vernosmañana. Nos vamos a ver mañana. Marisa y Paulo estaban abrazándose . Marisa y Paula se estaban abrazando. **DO NOT FORGET TO CHACHACHA** (place the accent on the third to last syllable when you add the pronoun to a present participle) Examples: Abrazarse Ayudarse Contarse verse hablarse comprenderse escribirse besarse leerse llamarse entenderse pelearse saludars conocerse llevarse El fin. Ahora vamos a practicar! Reciprocal Verbs The “each other” verbs- or verbs that you do to each other How to use them The Nosotros, Vosotros and Ellos form can be used to express reciprocals You use the reflexive pronouns before like nos, os or se Sometimes verbs are reciprocal and reflexive (in this case you can use “El uno al otro” or “Uno a otro” to emphasize) Common Verbs Abrazarse Encontrarse Besarse Conocerse Verse Saludarse Ayudarse Mirarse Examples Nosotras nos ayudamos. Nosotras nos ayudamos una a otra We help each other. Ellos se mataron. We help ourselves. They killed themselves. Ellos se mataron los unos a los otros. They killed each other. Your Turn We need each other. Nosotros nos necesitamos (la una a laotra). They saw each other. Ellos se vieron We met each other. Nosotros nos conocimos/encontramos (la una a la otra). They hugged each other. Ellos se abrazaron We kissed each other. Nosotros nos besamos El Subjuntivo con verbos de Emoción Para formar el subjuntivo vaya al YO quita la O y añade las terminaciones opuestas. Go to the YO drop the O and add the opposite endings. Para los verbos con –ar añade “-e” o “-en”. Para los verbos con – er/ir añade “-a” o “-an” -AR Cocinar – Cocino – Cocin – Cocine – Cocinen -ER Poner – Pongo – Pong – Ponga – Pongan -IR Decir – Digo – Dig – Diga – Digan Formas Irregulares DAR dé Ud. den Uds. Estar Esté Ud. Estén Uds. Ir Vaya Ud Vayan Uds Ser Sea Ud. Sean Uds. Saber Sepa Ud Sepan Uds We use the subjunctive after verbs indicating suggestions, desire or commands. We also use it after verbs and impersonal phrases indicating emotion. Examples: Ojalá que temo que tengo miedo que Siento que es bueno que es triste que Me allegro que me molesta que me soprende que Es dudoso que es importante que es possible que Es aconsejable que es necesario que es raro que Y muchos más…. Me molesta que mi amiga no guarde mis secretos Es bueno que ella corra todos los días. Es malo que llueva. El Subjuntivo Con Verbos de Emoción Practíca Traduce los frases: 1.It's important that the students read their books: Es importante que los estudiantes lean sus libros 2. It's possible that we will buy a house Es posible que compremos una casa. 3. It is advised that parents talk to their children. Es aconsejable que los padres hablen con sus hijos. 4. It's terrible that the children don't eat all of their food Es terrible que los niños no coman todo su comida. 5. Hopefully he will have a good vacation. Ojalá que el tenga buenas vacaciones. PARA PARA Uses for para: Purpose (in order to) Destination Yo ojala que el coche tiene gasolina para el sábado. Use; Purpose Este sábado mi familia y yo nos vamos para el ciudad. A point in time; Deadline Salí temprano para la playa. El libro de texto sirve para estudiar. Opinion Para mí, no me gusta pescado. PERFECT P- Purpose E- Effect R- Recipient F- Future dates or Deadlines; Events E- Employment C- Comparison T- Towards a specific place POR Por – For Por is a preposition just like para, which means that it links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence. But, it is important to remember that the usages of por and para are different. A.T.R.A.C.T.E.D. is a helpful acronym to remember when to use por! A. T. R. A. C. T. E. D. A – round a place T – hrough a place R – eason, excuse A – fter, as in “going to get something” (Going after something or someone) C – o$t T – hanks E – xchange D – uration (length) Ejemplos: A – round a place ¿Hay un cine por aquí? Is there a movie theater around here? Yo vivo por esta calle. I live around this street. Ayer caminamos por la playa. Yesterday we walked to the beach. Ejemplos: T – hrough a place Paso por el parque todos los días. I pass through the park every day. Caminé por la escuela. I walked through the school. Ejemplos: R – eason, excuse ¿Por qué llegaste tarde? -Por el tráfico. Why did you arrive late? -Because of the traffic. Se pelearon por un programa de televisión. They fought over a television program. Ejemplos: A fter, as in “going to get something” (Going after something or someone) – Voy al supermercado por leche. I’m going to the supermarket for milk. Vamos a la casa de Ana por ella. We go to Ana’s house for her. Ejemplos: C – o$t Pagué cincuenta dólares por esta falda. I paid fifty dollars for this skirt. Compraron los zapatos por cuarenta euros. They bought the shoes for forty euros. Ejemplos: T – hanks Gracias por la ayuda. Thank you for the help. Gracias por el regalo, ¡Me gusta mucho! Thanks for the present, I like it a lot! Ejemplos: E – xchange Yo quiero cambiar esta blusa blanca por eso azul. I want to change this white blouse for that blue one. Cambiamos la mesa vieja por una nueva. We changed the old table for a new one. Ejemplos: D – uration (length) He vivido aquí por mas de diez años. I have lived here for more than ten years. Iremos a España por dos semanas. We will go to Spain for two weeks. El fin ¡Es todo que tienen que conocer sobre POR! Mandatos con Nosotros Nosotros commands are used to suggest that others do an activity with you (Let’s…) To form: Use the present subjunctive form of nosotros. (Go to the yo, drop the –o, and add the opposite ending) Ex: Resolvamos el conflicto Comamos allí. ¡Remember! Stem-changing verbs that end in –ir have a stem change of e->i or o->u. Verbs ending in –car, -gar, or –zar have a spelling change. DOPs and IDOPs are attached at the end of the affirmative nosotros commands. However, they come before negative nosotros commands. Drop the final –s of the command when attaching reflexive or reciprocal pronouns at the end of the command. Practice Translate Let's count the chickens. Contemos los pollos. Let's not lie. No mintamos. Let’s go to the store. VAMOS a la tienda. Lets write it (letter) to them. Escribámosela. Let’s not buy it (book). No lo compremos. Possessive Pronouns mio(s) mia(s) nuestro(s) nuestra(s) my, mine our, ours tuyo(s) tuya(s) vuestro(s) vuestra(s) your, yours your, yours suyo(s) suya(s)suyo(s) suya(s) your, yours your, yours his, her, hers their, theirs Don’t forget the definite article el/la/los/la The only time it can be left out is after the verb SER Possessive Pronouns Used for clarity and emphasis When we use the verb ser we can omit the definite article afterwards. Must agree in gender and number