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In general, the word order of German is more varied and more flexible than in English. Today we will take a look at some of the most important rules when thinking about word order in German. By Herr Wallace In German statements or clauses, the verb is always the 2nd Idea but this does not mean that it is always the 2nd word. Beispiele Er fährt am Mittwoch mit dem Zug nach Berlin. Emphasis on who. Am Mittwoch fährt er mit dem Zug nach Berlin. Emphasis on when. Mit dem Zug fährt er am Mittwoch nach Berlin. Emphasis on how. When you have 2 verbs in a statement or clause, the auxiliary verb stays in the 2nd position and the main verb goes to the end. (with modal verbs and some tenses) Beispiele Er kann am Montag nach Berlin fahren. Auxiliary verb Main verb Er ist am Montag nach Berlin gefahren. Auxiliary verb Main verb Often, something other than the subject is emphasized in a German sentence. When this happens, the verb remains the 2nd idea and is immediately followed by the subject. Beispiele Am Montag ist er nach Berlin gefahren. verb subject Kekse mag ich am liebsten. verb subject The golden rule in German is time, manner and place. (wann, wie, wo). In German, expressions involving these elements must be exactly in that order. Beispiele Er fährt am Mittwoch mit dem Zug nach Berlin. Time Manner Place If you want to place emphasis on one element, it moves to the front, and the rest follow in normal order. Mit dem Zug fährt er am Mittwoch nach Berlin. Emphasizing manner In our first video, you learned the first 4 rules of German word order. In this video, we will be continuing our discussion on the rules of German word order. Conjunctions play an important role in German word order. When it comes to their affect on word order, they can be grouped into two categories. Each has a different affect on word order. Coordinating Conjunctions nebenordnende Konjunktionen they are…(Sie sind..) aber but und and oder or denn because sondern but rather Coordinating Conjunctions nebenordnende Konjunktionen Coordinating Conjunctions connect two independent clauses and they do not affect normal word order…. Beispiele Ich mag Äpfel und Rosinen. Verb is still the 2nd idea. Ich kann mit dir gehen aber ich muss zuerst meine Hausaufgabe machen. Verb is still the 2nd idea. Du kannst mit uns spielen oder du kannst mit ihnen spielen. Suboordinating Conjunctions unterordnende Konjunktionen The list of subordinating conjunctions in German is considerably long. weil because daß that obwohl although damit So that als ob As if ob if wenn when/if bevor before falls In case seitdem Since then so daß So that soweit As far as was what wohin Where to wie viel How much als when (past) als wenn As when bis until ehe before indem In which nachdem After which sobald As soon as solange As long as sooft As often as soviel As much as während while warum why wo where woher Where from wie how wie oft How often wie lange How long weshalb Why / for what reason Suboordinating Conjunctions unterordnende Konjunktionen subordinating Conjunctions connect subordinating clauses with main clauses. Unlike coordinating Conjunctions, they do affect the word order of a sentence and send the verb to the end of the clause. Subordinating clauses are often introduced by commas. Subordinating conjunction Ich kann nicht gehen, weil ich meine Hausaufgabe machen muss. Verb moves to the end. jedoch, also, trotzdem These conjunctions attract the verb, meaning that when they are used as conjunctions, the verb will come directly after them. Ich bin schon müde, trotzdem gehe ich mit dir. Ich habe kein Geld, jedoch fliege ich nach Deutschland. Wir haben eine gute Mannschaft, also werden wir gewinnen. In our first two videos over this topic, you learned the first 5 rules of German word order. In this video, we will be finishing up our discussion on the rules of German word order. When a question is framed using one of the question words, the word order remains unchanged. That is to say, that the verb remains the second idea. Wer? Was? Wie? Wann? Wer? Warum? Wohin? Woher? Beispiele Was hast du gekauft? Wo warst du? Wann werden wir gehen? Wie kannst du das sagen? Wohin gehst du? Warum gehst du? Woher kommst du? Wie? The question word “wie” often adds modifiers which count as part of the question word. Wie alt bist du? Wie viele hast du? Wie oft ist das passiert? Wie lange muss ich warten? Wessen? - whose The question word “wessen” changes word order. When using “wessen” the next word will be the subject and the verb will take the 3rd position. Wessen Bleistift ist das? Subject Verb When forming questions without a question word, the verb takes the first position and the subject the second. Essentially, the word order is inverted. Du hast einen Hund. Hast du einen Hund? Du spielst Fußball. Spielst du Fußball?