Download Slide 1

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts
no text concepts found
Transcript
In general, the word order of German is more varied and
more flexible than in English. Today we will take a look at
some of the most important rules when thinking about
word order in German.
By Herr Wallace
In German statements or clauses, the verb is always the
2nd Idea but this does not mean that it is always the 2nd
word.
Beispiele
Er fährt am Mittwoch mit dem Zug nach Berlin.
Emphasis on who.
Am Mittwoch fährt er mit dem Zug nach Berlin.
Emphasis on when.
Mit dem Zug fährt er am Mittwoch nach Berlin.
Emphasis on how.
When you have 2 verbs in a statement or clause, the
auxiliary verb stays in the 2nd position and the main verb
goes to the end. (with modal verbs and some tenses)
Beispiele
Er kann am Montag nach Berlin fahren.
Auxiliary verb
Main verb
Er ist am Montag nach Berlin gefahren.
Auxiliary verb
Main verb
Often, something other than the subject is emphasized
in a German sentence. When this happens, the verb
remains the 2nd idea and is immediately followed by the
subject.
Beispiele
Am Montag ist er nach Berlin gefahren.
verb
subject
Kekse mag ich am liebsten.
verb
subject
The golden rule in German is time, manner and place. (wann,
wie, wo). In German, expressions involving these elements must
be exactly in that order.
Beispiele
Er fährt am Mittwoch mit dem Zug nach Berlin.
Time
Manner
Place
If you want to place emphasis on one element, it moves to the
front, and the rest follow in normal order.
Mit dem Zug fährt er am Mittwoch nach Berlin.
Emphasizing
manner
In our first video, you learned the first 4 rules of German
word order. In this video, we will be continuing our
discussion on the rules of German word order.
Conjunctions play an important role in German word order. When
it comes to their affect on word order, they can be grouped into
two categories. Each has a different affect on word order.
Coordinating Conjunctions
nebenordnende Konjunktionen
they are…(Sie sind..)
aber but
und and
oder or
denn because
sondern but rather
Coordinating Conjunctions
nebenordnende Konjunktionen
Coordinating Conjunctions connect two independent clauses
and they do not affect normal word order….
Beispiele
Ich mag Äpfel und Rosinen.
Verb is still the 2nd idea.
Ich kann mit dir gehen aber ich muss zuerst meine
Hausaufgabe machen.
Verb is still the 2nd idea.
Du kannst mit uns spielen oder du kannst mit ihnen
spielen.
Suboordinating Conjunctions
unterordnende Konjunktionen
The list of subordinating conjunctions in German is considerably long.
weil because
daß that
obwohl although
damit So that
als ob As if
ob if
wenn when/if
bevor before
falls In case
seitdem Since then
so daß So that
soweit As far as
was what
wohin Where to
wie viel How much
als when (past)
als wenn As when
bis until
ehe before
indem In which
nachdem After which
sobald As soon as solange As long as
sooft As often as soviel As much as
während while
warum why
wo where
woher Where from
wie how
wie oft How often
wie lange How long weshalb Why / for
what reason
Suboordinating Conjunctions
unterordnende Konjunktionen
subordinating Conjunctions connect subordinating clauses
with main clauses. Unlike coordinating Conjunctions, they do
affect the word order of a sentence and send the verb to the
end of the clause. Subordinating clauses are often
introduced by commas.
Subordinating conjunction
Ich kann nicht gehen, weil ich meine Hausaufgabe
machen muss.
Verb moves to the end.
jedoch, also, trotzdem
These conjunctions attract the verb, meaning that when they are
used as conjunctions, the verb will come directly after them.
Ich bin schon müde, trotzdem gehe ich mit dir.
Ich habe kein Geld, jedoch fliege ich nach Deutschland.
Wir haben eine gute Mannschaft, also werden wir
gewinnen.
In our first two videos over this topic, you learned the
first 5 rules of German word order. In this video, we will
be finishing up our discussion on the rules of German
word order.
When a question is framed using one of the question words, the word
order remains unchanged. That is to say, that the verb remains the
second idea.
Wer?
Was?
Wie?
Wann?
Wer?
Warum?
Wohin?
Woher?
Beispiele
Was hast du gekauft?
Wo warst du?
Wann werden wir gehen?
Wie kannst du das sagen?
Wohin gehst du?
Warum gehst du?
Woher kommst du?
Wie?
The question word “wie” often adds modifiers which count as part of
the question word.
Wie alt bist du?
Wie viele hast du?
Wie oft ist das passiert?
Wie lange muss ich warten?
Wessen? - whose
The question word “wessen” changes word order. When using
“wessen” the next word will be the subject and the verb will take the 3rd
position.
Wessen Bleistift ist das?
Subject
Verb
When forming questions without a question word, the verb takes the
first position and the subject the second. Essentially, the word order is
inverted.
Du hast einen Hund.
Hast du einen Hund?
Du spielst Fußball.
Spielst du Fußball?