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Lecture (7) • Systems software and Application Software. Dr:Emad Elsharkawy Eng-Omar Salah Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 1 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Items : 1)Computer programs. 2)Systems software. 3)Application software. 4)Types of systems software. 5)Activities performed by the operating system. 6)Operating Systems Functions. 7)Graphical User Interface (GUI). 8)Definitions of Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN). Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 2 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • Computer programs: sequences of instructions for the computer • Documentation: describes program functions • Software – system software and application software Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 3 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • Systems software: coordinates the activities and functions of hardware and programs • Computer system platform: combination of a hardware configuration and systems software Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 4 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • Application software: helps users solve particular problems • In most cases, application software resides on the computer’s hard disk • Application software can also be stored on CDs, DVDs, and flash or keychain storage devices Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 5 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • Before you can use software, it must be installed on a computer • Software for personal computers typically comes on CDs or is downloaded from the Web • Most operating systems have an add/remove program feature for removing software – Does not work with all software – Does not always remove all elements of the software Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 6 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • Systems software – Controls operations of computer hardware – Supports application programs’ problem-solving capabilities • Types of systems software – Operating systems – Utility programs – Middleware Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 7 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • Operating system (OS): set of programs that controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs • Kernel: ties all components of the OS together and regulates other programs Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 8 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • Various combinations of OSs, computers, and users: – Single computer with a single user – Single computer with multiple users – Multiple computers – Special-purpose computers Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 9 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • Activities performed by the operating system: – Perform common computer hardware functions – Provide a user interface and input/output management – Provide a degree of hardware independence – Manage system memory – Manage processing tasks – Manage files Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 10 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • OS converts basic request into a set of details instruction that the hardware requires • Common hardware functions (e.g.) – Get input from keyboard or some other input device – Store data on disks – Display information on a monitor or printer Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 11 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 The role of Systems Software –interface between users, application software and hardware Figure 4.4: The Role of Systems Software Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 12 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Operating Systems Functions 1. User interface and input/output management – User interface: allows individuals to access and command the computer system – Command-based user interface: requires that text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities – Graphical user interface (GUI): uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 13 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 2. Hardware independence – Application program interface (API): allows applications to make use of the operating system 3. Memory management – Control how memory is accessed and maximize available memory and storage Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 14 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Figure 4.6: Application Program Interface Links Application Software to the Operating System Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 15 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Current Operating Systems Microsoft PC operating systems – PC-DOS and MS-DOS: early, command-driven OSs – Windows XP: greatly improved stability and security over previous versions of Windows – Windows XP N: for European market – Windows XP Professional X64: for computers with newer 64-bit capabilities – Windows XP Media Center Edition: incorporates additional multimedia features – Vista: latest version of Windows Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 16 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 –Linux – Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 – Open-source product – Only the kernel of an OS – Several distributions available with capabilities/applications that form a complete OS • Examples: Red Hat Linux, Caldera OpenLinux Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 17 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Workgroup Operating Systems: • Windows Server • UNIX • NetWare • Red Hat Linux • Mac OS X Server Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 18 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Application Software • Primary function is to apply the power of the computer to give individuals, workgroups, and the entire enterprise the ability to solve problems and perform specific tasks • Application programs interact with systems software; systems software then directs computer hardware to perform the necessary tasks Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 19 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Personal Application Software • Serves the needs of an individual user • Includes personal productivity software – Enables users to improve their personal effectiveness Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 20 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Personal Application Software Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 21 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • Workgroup application software: support teamwork, whether people are in the same location or dispersed around the world • Groupware: software that helps groups of people work together more efficiently and effectively Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 22 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Understand the Term Graphical User Interface (GUI) A Graphical User Interface (GUI): is simply an • additional part of the operating system that displays windows and drop down menus, and also enables you to drive your computer using a mouse. Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 23 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Information Networks Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 24 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Know the Definitions of Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN). • LAN • A LAN (Local Area Network) is a system whereby individual PCs are connected together within a company or organization Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 25 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 •• • WAN A WAN (Wide Area Network) as the name implies allows you to connect to other computers over a wider area (i.e. the whole world). Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 26 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 The Internet • The Internet is a global network of interconnected • • networks. The unique thing about the Internet is the sheer amount of information that you can access from it. Whatever your interest you can search for and find information on the most obscure topics. Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 27 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 • To search the Internet you use what are called Internet search engines. • These are easily accessed via your Internet browser (i.e. Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator). • Within the search engine you enter a word or phrase and it will retrieve documents from the Internet based on the information you typed in. Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 28 Tuesday, 23 May 2017 Thanks Dr:Emad Elsharkawy 29 Tuesday, 23 May 2017