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Lecture (7)
• Systems software and Application
Software.
Dr:Emad Elsharkawy
Eng-Omar Salah
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Tuesday, 23 May 2017
Items :
1)Computer programs.
2)Systems software.
3)Application software.
4)Types of systems software.
5)Activities performed by the operating system.
6)Operating Systems Functions.
7)Graphical User Interface (GUI).
8)Definitions of Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area
Networks (WAN).
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• Computer programs: sequences of
instructions for the computer
• Documentation: describes program
functions
• Software – system software and
application software
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• Systems software: coordinates the
activities and functions of hardware and
programs
• Computer system platform:
combination of a hardware configuration
and systems software
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• Application software: helps users solve
particular problems
• In most cases, application software
resides on the computer’s hard disk
• Application software can also be stored on
CDs, DVDs, and flash or keychain storage
devices
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• Before you can use software, it must be installed on a
computer
• Software for personal computers typically comes on
CDs or is downloaded from the Web
• Most operating systems have an add/remove program
feature for removing software
– Does not work with all software
– Does not always remove all elements of the
software
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• Systems software
– Controls operations of computer hardware
– Supports application programs’ problem-solving
capabilities
• Types of systems software
– Operating systems
– Utility programs
– Middleware
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• Operating system (OS): set of programs
that controls the computer hardware and
acts as an interface with application
programs
• Kernel: ties all components of the OS
together and regulates other programs
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• Various combinations of OSs, computers,
and users:
– Single computer with a single user
– Single computer with multiple users
– Multiple computers
– Special-purpose computers
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• Activities performed by the operating
system:
– Perform common computer hardware
functions
– Provide a user interface and input/output
management
– Provide a degree of hardware independence
– Manage system memory
– Manage processing tasks
– Manage files
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• OS converts basic request into a set of details
instruction that the hardware requires
• Common hardware functions (e.g.)
– Get input from keyboard or some other input
device
– Store data on disks
– Display information on a monitor or printer
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The role of Systems Software –interface between
users, application software and hardware
Figure 4.4: The Role of Systems
Software
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Operating Systems Functions
1. User interface and input/output management
– User interface: allows individuals to access and
command the computer system
– Command-based user interface: requires that text
commands be given to the computer to perform
basic activities
– Graphical user interface (GUI): uses icons and
menus displayed on screen to send commands to
the computer system
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2. Hardware independence
– Application program interface (API): allows
applications to make use of the operating
system
3. Memory management
– Control how memory is accessed and
maximize available memory and storage
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Figure 4.6: Application Program
Interface Links Application Software to
the Operating System
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Current Operating Systems
Microsoft PC operating systems
– PC-DOS and MS-DOS: early, command-driven OSs
– Windows XP: greatly improved stability and security
over previous versions of Windows
– Windows XP N: for European market
– Windows XP Professional X64: for computers with
newer 64-bit capabilities
– Windows XP Media Center Edition: incorporates
additional multimedia features
– Vista: latest version of Windows
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–Linux
– Developed by Linus Torvalds in
1991
– Open-source product
– Only the kernel of an OS
– Several distributions available
with capabilities/applications that
form a complete OS
• Examples: Red Hat Linux,
Caldera OpenLinux
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Workgroup Operating Systems:
• Windows Server
• UNIX
• NetWare
• Red Hat Linux
• Mac OS X Server
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Application Software
• Primary function is to apply the power of the
computer to give individuals, workgroups, and
the entire enterprise the ability to solve
problems and perform specific tasks
• Application programs interact with systems
software; systems software then directs
computer hardware to perform the necessary
tasks
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Personal Application Software
• Serves the needs of an individual user
• Includes personal productivity software
– Enables users to improve their personal
effectiveness
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Personal Application Software
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• Workgroup application software: support teamwork,
whether people are in the same location or dispersed
around the world
• Groupware: software that helps groups of people
work together more efficiently and effectively
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Understand the Term Graphical User
Interface (GUI)
A Graphical User Interface (GUI): is simply an
•
additional part of the operating system that
displays windows and drop down menus, and also
enables you to drive your computer using a
mouse.
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Information Networks
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Know the Definitions of Local Area Networks (LAN)
and Wide Area Networks (WAN).
• LAN
• A LAN (Local Area Network) is a system
whereby individual PCs are connected
together within a company or organization
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••
•
WAN
A WAN (Wide Area Network) as the name
implies allows you to connect to other
computers over a wider area (i.e. the whole
world).
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The Internet
• The Internet is a global network of interconnected
•
•
networks.
The unique thing about the Internet is the sheer
amount of information that you can access from it.
Whatever your interest you can search for and find
information on the most obscure topics.
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• To search the Internet you use what are called
Internet search engines.
• These are easily accessed via your Internet browser
(i.e. Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape
Navigator/Communicator).
• Within the search engine you enter a word or
phrase and it will retrieve documents from the
Internet based on the information you typed in.
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Thanks
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