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Transcript
Operating Systems Mac, PC, Unix,… In the Beginning was the Command Line – Neal Stephenson Jobs & Wozniak – Apple Gates & Allen – Microsoft Original idea to sell information processing machines for home use sell the operating system At least a computer has a physical presence Xerox – Where it all really began September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 2 Operating System What is it? A very long string of 1’s and 0’s What does it do? Allows users to manipulate other very long strings of 1’s and 0’s September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 3 What is an Operating System? <operating system> (OS) The low-level software which handles the interface to peripheral hardware, schedules tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user when no application program is running. September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 4 What is an Operating System? The OS may be split into a kernel which is always present and various system programs which use facilities provided by the kernel to perform higher-level house-keeping tasks, often acting as servers in a client-server relationship. September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 5 What is an Operating System? Some would include a graphical user interface and window system as part of the OS, others would not. The operating system loader, BIOS, or other firmware required at boot time or when installing the operating system would generally not be considered part of the operating system, though this distinction is unclear in the case of a rommable operating system such as RISC OS. September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 6 OS Examples… 386BSD, Amoeba, Angel, Artemis microkernel, BeOS, Brazil, COS, CP/M, CTSS, Chorus, DACNOS, DOS, DOSEXEC 2, GCOS, GEOS, ITS, Linux, LynxOS, MPV, MS-DOS, MVS, Mach, MINIX, MS-DOS, Multics, Multipop-68, Novell NetWare, OS-9, OSX, OS/2, Pick, Plan 9, QNX, RISC OS, SPARK (Small Portable Adjustable Real-time Kernel), STING, System V, TOPS-10, TOPS-20, TYMCOM-X, Unix, VM/CMS, VAX, VMS, VRTX, VSTa, VxWorks, WAITS, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows CeMeNT September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 7 DOS Commands Command Prompt from Windows Start – Run – Command This is a DOS prompt, DOS is running in the background, WinXP or Win2000 or … is still running in the foreground Time Date Ping – ping www.yahoo.com http://www.easydos.com/dosindex.html September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 8 What is UI? User interface Line commands Text menu Icon menu ‘Click-able’ icons September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 9 Xerox PARC Palo Alto Research Center 1st to get into UI (User Interface) and GUI (Graphical User Interface) First started in 1970’s WIMP (windows, icons, menus and pointers/pull-down menus) paradigm Xerox 8010 'Star' system in 1981 (WIMP) September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 10 Mac 1984… September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 11 Mac OSX… September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 12 Microsoft DOS (MS-Dos) September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 13 Microsoft Windows 1… September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 14 Microsoft Windows 95… September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 15 Linux… September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 16 The Mac http://www.apple-history.com/index.html September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 17 The PC http://www.viewz.com/netscape/buyingguides/os.shtml http://www.computerhope.com/history/windows.htm http://ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/timeline-OS.html http://ox.compsoc.net/~swhite/history/timelineQUOTES.html http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 18 UNIX and the like… http://www.computerhope.com/history/unix.htm http://www.computerhope.com/history/198090.htm September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 19 Installing Windows OS ‘Clean’ install Existing OS is completely erased Any files on the HDD are completely erased Optimum performance ‘Upgrade’ install Boot from OS Install CD or DOS floppy September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal There is an existing OS Existing files not erased Less than optimum performance Boot to existing OS, upgrade from CD 20 In the beginning… Cryptonomicon http://www.cryptonomicon.com/beginning.html September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 21 Resources http://www.dictionary.com/cgibin/dict.pl?term=operating%20system http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/using/h owto/gettingstarted/guide/default.asp September 17, 2003 Riad S. Twal 22