* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download operating system
Survey
Document related concepts
Library (computing) wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Windows Vista wikipedia , lookup
Windows Phone 8.1 wikipedia , lookup
Commodore DOS wikipedia , lookup
Copland (operating system) wikipedia , lookup
Security-focused operating system wikipedia , lookup
Spring (operating system) wikipedia , lookup
Mobile operating system wikipedia , lookup
Plan 9 from Bell Labs wikipedia , lookup
Burroughs MCP wikipedia , lookup
Windows NT startup process wikipedia , lookup
Windows NT 3.1 wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Computer Systems 2009-2010 Week 11: The Command Line Interface Alma Whitfield What we have done so far Files organised into directories Directories form a hierarchy Manipulated files using Windows Windows Explorer 2 What we are going to do today Examine the MS-DOS operating system’s command line interface Look at how MS Windows has developed from MS-DOS 3 Organising files Thousands of files can be held in secondary storage Organising the files is a job for the operating system 4 Operating systems An operating system is software installed on the computer to make it possible to use it without needing a degree in electronic engineering 5 Operating systems: mini-history Early machines had no operating system – you needed to be an engineer to run a program Could only run one program at a time The CPU spent most of its time waiting for hardware to complete tasks like printing or writing to or reading from disc 6 Operating systems: mini-history By the 1960s, operating systems could run several programs at the same time While one program is waiting for a read from disc, another could be executing 7 Operating systems: early 1980s Microsoft introduced PC operating system called MS-DOS Microsoft Disc Operating System Disc operating system means file organisation Instructions typed in at a command line 8 Operating systems: early 1980s Microsoft introduced PC operating system called MS-DOS Microsoft Disc Operating System Disc operating system means file organisation Instructions typed in at a command line 9 MS-DOS uses a Command Line Interface Do not use mouse Type in commands as words Use a Command Prompt box i.e. lines of command Start | Programs | Accessories | Command Prompt Demo 10 Entering MS-DOS commands Commands consist of A single word Optional extra information e.g. c:\>ver c:\>ping www.playboy.com c:\>ping www.bbc.co.uk 11 The current directory When using MS-DOS, it always places you in a directory “Everybody has got to be somewhere” (Eccles – the Goon Show – circa 1954) This is called the Current Directory The command prompt tells you what the current directory is E.g. c:\windows\temp> …. means current directory is \windows\temp on the c: drive 12 Finding out what is in the current directory Use the dir command E.g. c:\>dir 13 Disc information 14 Directory name 15 Information about the files in this directory 16 Date and time file last changed p = pm a = am 17 <DIR> indicates these two items are directories 18 This file is named win2k.xpr It is 189,624 bytes in size 19 Total size of files in this directory Number of bytes still available on the disc 20 Changing drive in MS-DOS Demo Use drive name (A:, C: etc) 21 File handling in MS-DOS Create and edit text files edit Display text files type Change current directory cd Make a new directory md Remove a directory rd Copy files from one directory to another directory copy 22 Using edit Demo Creating text files Editing text files 23 Using copy Demo Using wildcards in copying c:\>copy *.txt c:\temp c:\>copy *.* c:\temp 24 Using md to make directories Demo Building this directory structure c:\>md D c:\>md A c:\>cd D c:\D>md B c:\D>cd \ c:\>cd A c:\A>md D 25 Using cd Demo Moving up one level c:\>cd A c:\A> c:\A>cd .. c:\> 26 Using cd with absolute and relative paths Absolute path: starts with root c:\>cd \A\D c:\A\D> Relative path: starts from current directory c:\A\D>cd ..\..\D c:\D> 27 Batch files Batch files Collecting batches of commands into one command Like a macro in other applications e.g. Word, Excel 28 A batch file example What directory structure does this batch file create: cd \ md A md B cd A md C 29 A second batch file example Write a batch file to create this directory structure: cd \ md A md B md C cd B md D 30 A third batch file example Write a batch file to create this directory structure: cd \ md D md A cd D md B cd \A md D 31 Operating systems: early 1980s Apple Inc introduced first operating system with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) Apple Lisa Apple MacIntosh Instructions issued using mouse clicks on menus, and buttons 32 Operating systems: early 1980s 33 Operating systems Microsoft Windows family of operating systems Windows Windows Windows Windows Windows Vista 95 98 2000 XP 34 35 A brief survey of Microsoft Windows Operating Systems http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y48rthTbrA8 Also - flv file present locally 36 A brief survey of Microsoft Windows Operating Systems Microsoft Windows has two streams Graphical front end to MS-DOS Not based on MS-DOS Windows Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows 2000 Windows XP Vista Streams look the same but completely different inside 37 Other PC Operating Systems Linux operating systems Red Hat Linux SuSE Linux Mandrakesoft Linux etc Competitor to Microsoft Based on Unix operating systems Originally had only command line type interfaces Recent developments provide graphical front ends 38