Download Introduction to Operating Systems

Introduction to Operating
Systems
Lesson 8
Linux
Gorman, Stubbs, & CEP Inc.
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Objectives
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Install the Linux operating system properly.
Understand the basic functionalities of the Linux
operating system.
Work within the GNOME desktop environment.
Work in a terminal emulation program using
some of the more common shell commands.
Describe the Linux file system.
Lesson 8 – Linux
Objectives (continued)
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Describe the unique features that make Linux
different from other operating systems.
Obtain help through the Red Hat Help
documentation, the man pages, or the info pages.
Properly shut down the Linux operating system either
through an XTerm window or through the GNOME
interface.
Lesson 8 – Linux
Origins of Unix/Linux
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Thompson and Ritchie write Unix in assembly language
(1969)
Unix rewritten in C programming language (1974)
Unix utility programs written by students at colleges and
universities (continues today)
Unix used to share research and data (foundation of the
Internet and the WWW)
Linus Torvalds orchestrated development of an operating
system based on Unix, but able to operate on
microprocessor platforms – Linux (1991)
Lesson 8 – Linux
Linux Today
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Linux is continually changing and improving as
the result of open source code.
There are more than 40 different distributions
of Linux (both free via the Internet or
commercially packaged distributions).
Lesson 8 – Linux
Installing Linux
• Linux can be installed on a hard drive
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that contains up to three other operating
systems.
Linux can be installed on as little as 400
MB of disk space.
Complete full installation (of Red Hat
Linux) takes 4.5 GB.
Lesson 8 – Linux
Beginning the Installation
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Four main ways to install Linux:
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2.
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4.
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From network file server (NFS)
From a second hard drive
Via FTP
From a CD-ROM
Text instructions follow the installation from a
CD-ROM.
Lesson 8 – Linux
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
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X Window environment (much like other GUI
environments with which you may be familiar)
X allows you to select from different desktop
configurations:
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GNOME (GNU Network object model
environment)
KDE (K development environment)
Failsafe desktop environment
Lesson 8 – Linux
GNOME Desktop Basics
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Active and inactive windows
The Gnome panel
Virtual consoles
Lesson 8 – Linux
Using the Keyboard in Linux
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Command completion
Command history
Lesson 8 – Linux
File Management
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Linux file system history
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EXT is introduced in April 1992.
EXT2 is the most successful file system so far in the
Linux community.
Virtual File System (VFS)
Mounting/unmounting a file system
The FAT table
Lesson 8 – Linux
Linux Shell Commands
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Print working directory
Change directory
List
Make directory
Remove directory
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Lesson 8 – Linux
Remove file/directory
Move
Copy
Wild cards
Mtools
Special Linux Files
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Devices
Daemons
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lpd
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lpr
lpc
lpq
Spooler
Filter
Spooler queue
Lesson 8 – Linux
Unique Features
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Modules
Virtual consoles and
displays
CRON
Processes
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Running
Waiting
Stopped
Zombie
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Identifiers
User Manual
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Process states
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Lesson 8 – Linux
Man pages
Info pages
Grep
Pico
Package Management
Summary
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Understand the various ways in which a Linux
distribution may be obtained.
Follow the installation of Red Hat Linux 8.0.
Work with Linux through the GNOME
interface.
Work with Linux using the keyboard and the
command-line environment.
Lesson 8 – Linux
Summary (continued)
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The Linux kernel is the core of the operating
system. It maintains the files and file systems.
Linux, like all versions of Unix, presents its
hardware devices as special files.
When using Linux, always shut the machine down
properly to avoid losing changes to your files or
part of your operating system.
Lesson 8 – Linux