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FEUDALISM The Political & Military Order of the Middle Ages What is Feudalism? • • • Chaos of a collapsed empire Rural & Decentralized Europe Political/ Military Ties: Unplanned, Local, Military necessity Feudal Ties • A Vassal Gets: • • Fief • A Vassal Gives: • Military Service • Aid • Hospitality & Suit to Court A Lord Gives: • Fief (land) • Private Law • A Lord Gets: • Loyalty • Trained, equipped men for military service • Payment of Aid Feudal Vocabulary • • Origins: Comitatus Fiefs Vassalage • Homage • • • Non-Christian origins, impact on Christianity • • Oath of Fealty Investituture • • • • • Feudal Ties Law Military service to inheritance Primogeniture Subinfeudation Double Homage Liege Lord Feudal Society Homage Chivalry A Military Code • Honor • Respect for Other Knights • Virtues: – Bravery – Loyalty Ideals vs. Reality • A Knight was a hero, gentleman, and saint • Speak the truth, defend the poor, defend the church • Reality: Murderers, church robbers, cruel but effective warriors Taming Knights • Women • Church – Truce of God – Peace of God MANORIALISM How the Other 97% Lives The Manor & Its Inhabitants • • • • Fits within Feudalism A medieval village Peasants and the lord The peasants’ land the the demesne • • • • Villein (or serf) Freemen Half-villeins Cottagers and slaves Work on the Manor • Peasants’ fees and special services • Farming methods • Special offices: – Steward – Bailiff – Reeve • Women’s Role – Noble – Peasant A Peasant’s Year October November February March June July September
