Download Powerpoint Notes on The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages
(476-1300)
What is so different
about Europe?
Do Now: Review ~ Post-476
1. What happened to Western Europe after
the “fall of Rome?”
2. What happened to the eastern portion of the
Roman Empire?
3. What was going on in the Middle East
shortly after Rome fell?
Post–“Fall of Rome” (476 A.D.)
1. W. Europe is isolated; “Dark Ages” begin
– Germanic invasions: divided into small Christian
kingdoms (400-700)
– No centralized government
2. Byzantine Empire:
– Eastern Orthodox Christianity
– Age of Justinian; Golden Age
3. Islam emerges (Arabia, 7th C)
– New religion & empire; Golden Age
– Armies in Africa, Europe & Asia
Task:
• You are living in Western Europe
after 476 A.D., how would you
find protection?
• How would you find safety/order
when no government exists?
Create a list of ideas.
1. Why did the man visit the
Godfather?
2. What was the result of their visit?
In order to attain order in Europe post-fall of
Rome (476) FEUDALISM developed.
A political/social system where land is exchanged for loyalty.
“And we will
provide you
with support
and soldiers”
“I will give you
land (manor) to
rule and govern”
Feudalism:
L
O
Y
L
LORDS/
Nobles
N
A
D
L
T
Y
A
SERFS
Do Now:
1. Explain
this system?
2. Why was
this system
created?
Task:
•
You are living in Western Europe after 476 A.D.,
what would you look for in a ruler?
(characteristics, traits, qualities, beliefs)
– What advice would you give him/her about the
state [condition] of Western & Eastern Europe?
– What changes would you want him/her to
pursue? Why?
Why was feudalism brought to
Western Europe?
• Need for security and stability!
• No centralized government (post-fall
of Rome!)
• European Invasions!
What ideal is the cartoon portraying?
CHIVALRY!
Why did the Church have so much power?
1. Controls Spiritual life
– Decides who gets sacraments (controls salvation)
– Refusal to obey Church law punished by excommunication
• Banned from the Church
– Cannot obtain sacracments, cannot obtain salvation
– Penalty of interdict: faced by nobles; exclusion of an entire
town from receiving sacraments!
-Leaders give into Church pressure!
2. Controls Secular life
– Pope (head of RCC) has power over secular rulers
• Added order & stability to Europe
– Tithe: tax (1/10th of income); required ALL Christians to pay
– Religion linked to social life; church becomes social center
• Cathedral schools, lead to universities
Evidence of ____________Power:
Medieval ________________
Romanesque (early ma)
Gothic (late ma)
St. Filibert, France 10th Century
German Cathedral (8th – 11th)
Romanesque Floor Plan
CATHEDRAL AT REIMS
GOTHIC CATHEDRALS
5th C – 12th C
“Flying Buttress”
St. Etienne, Bourges, 12th Century
“FLYING BUTTRESSES”
Do Now:
Why was the Church so powerful
during the MA?
Roman Catholic Church & Persecution
ANTISEMITISM:
Prejudice against Jews
• How were the Jews persecuted?
• Why were they persecuted?
Reflection:
1. How and Why were the Jews
persecuted?
2. What is your reaction to this
persecution? Explain.
The Age of Charlemagne (768-814)
“Charles the Great”
• Western Europe
enjoys period of
Christian unity
• Successful conqueror
• Pope proclaims
Charlemagne
‘emperor’ (800)
– Widens the divide
between Eastern &
Western Europe
European Invasions:
– Vikings destroy
unity of
Charlemagne’s
empire
– Scandinavian:
Norway, Sweden,
Denmark
– Warriors, traders,
explorers
Do Now:
1. Western Europe
2. Middle East
3. Eastern Europe
During the early Middle Ages,
what do you think relationships
were like between these THREE
parts of the world? How do you
know?
Do Now:
How can government convince
people to join the army?
Task:
• Your task is to create a propaganda poster
that aims to recruit soldiers to join the
Crusades.
– Ideas MUST pertain to Pope Urban’s speech
– Your poster MUST be set in the Middle Ages
• The information must focus on the values of
Medieval Europe.
•
Your grade is based on the following:
1. Effectiveness/Allure – 3 points
a. Includes HEADLINE & IMAGE
2. Accuracy – 2 points (of historical information)
THE CRUSADES
a series of wars fought between the Christian and
Muslim world for the “holy land”
“Deus lo volt!” – God wills it!
The First Crusade
• Council of Clermont
(1095) – Pope Urban II
calls for a crusade to free
“Holy Land” from Turk
invaders.
• Christians capture
Jerusalem (1099)
• Massacre Muslim/Jewish
residents.
• More crusades launched
• Muslims are victorious
Do Now:
Questions:
1. What was the goal of the Crusades?
2. Who was Pope Urban?
3. Why would people want to fight in the
Crusades?
4. Who fought in the Crusades?
Do Now:
Questions:
1. Who won the Crusades?
Why?
2. How was Europe affected
by the Crusades?
Saladin
• Muslim leader
• Conquers
Jerusalem in 1187
• By 1291, Muslims
conquer last
Christian territory
(entire Holy Land)
• Massacre
Christians
Map of the Crusades
“The Greatest Failure in History”
Impact of the Crusades
1. Cultural Diffusion: Euro contact Eastern cultures
- Muslim/Byzantine goods & ideas
2. Revival of learning
– Greek/Roman (Byzantines) & Muslim advances
3. Increased demand led to increased trade
New markets
New wealth
Rise of a middle class (bourgeoisie)
Growth of new cities
High Middle Ages: The Black Death
1. Who: (was affected)
2. What: (happened)
3. Where: (did this happen)
4. When: (did this happen)
5. Why: (did this happen)
6. How: (did this happen)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The High Middle Ages: How did life change?
(use Guided Reading to help)
Agricultural production/Population increase
Rise of trade
- wealth, new goods
Rise of cities
Rise of a business economy
Rise of a middle class
- Decline of feudalism
- Power of Kings increase (centralize)
Rise of Guilds
The High Middle Ages: How did life change?
7. Criticisms against the church
a. Wealth
• Leads to future problems
b. Worldly: devotion to family over Church duties
• SOLUTION: marriage outlawed for priests
c. Simony & Corruption: selling of Church positions
– SOLUTIONS: outlawed simony; Church ONLY
chooses Church officials (not kings/nobles)
Church v. State
France, 13/14th Century
• Sequence of Events:
– Philip IV: taxes French clergy
– Pope Boniface IV: forbids Philip to tax without papal consent
• Punishment: excommunication
– Philip IV: threatens to arrest clergy that refuses to pay; sends
troops to seize Boniface
• French elect Pope
• Papacy moved to France (from Rome) –
– Babylonian Captivity – lasts for 70 years)
• (14th century) Rome responds by electing their own pope! Two
popes?
Why did Philip move the papacy?
How did this decision affect the pope’s power?
“It was the best of times, it
was the worst of times”
Homework:
Create a list of reasons explaining why
the period of the Middle Ages may be
considered the “best” and “worst” of
times!
(2 lists total!)
“Talk A Mile a Minute”
Topic: School
Teacher
Student
pencil
smartboard
notes
suspension
laughing
cutting
study
“Talk A Mile a Minute”
Topic: Early Middle Ages
“Dark Ages”
Manorialism
Feudalism
Charlemagne
Roman Catholic
Church
Chivalry
Fief
tithe
“Talk A Mile a Minute”
Topic: Early Middle Ages
476
Vikings
invasions
Gothic
Byzantine Empire
excommunication
salvation
Battle of Tours
Islamic Empire
“Talk A Mile a Minute”
Topic: Early Middle Ages
Loyalty
serfs
interdict
Inquisition
Roman Catholic Church
Chivalry
Anti-Semitism
tithe
Eastern Orthodox
“Talk A Mile a Minute”
Topic: Crusades
Jerusalem
Pope Urban
Turks
Muslims
Saladin
“Greatest Failure”
Trade
Cities
Cultural Diffusion
“Talk A Mile a Minute”
Topic: High (Late) Middle Ages
Middle Class
opportunity
Babylonian Captivity
Centralized Government
simony
Bubonic Plague
Education
commerce
worldly
“Talk A Mile a Minute”
Topic: Anything Middle Ages
Loyalty
serfs
interdict
Inquisition
Chivalry
manorialism
Anti-Semitism
Black Death
Eastern Orthodox
“Talk A Mile a Minute”
Topic: Anything Middle Ages
knight
manor
Roman Catholic
usury
Chivalry
Crusades
Anti-Semitism
Babylonian Captivity
heresy