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• IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER • DCN: IEEE802.21-05-0164-04-0000 • Title: Optimal Beacon & Architecture for MIH • Date Submitted: March 4, 2005 • Presented at IEEE 802.21 in Monterey, CA • Authors or Source(s): Michael Hoghooghi, Karl Heubaum, Jeff Keating, Dan Orozco, Michael Lee • Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. • Abstract: This contribution aims to facilitate MIH services for mobile nodes & networks able to support multiple protocols while adhering to the requirements of the IEEE802.21 WG. 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 1 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al • • • IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working Group. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.21. The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3> and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html> 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 2 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al IEEE802.21 – Media Independent Handover Optimal Beacon & Architecture for MIH Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. DCN: IEEE802.21-05-0164-03-0021 Michael Hoghooghi Karl Heubaum Jeff Keating Michael Lee Daniel Orozco 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 3 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Overview • Considerations for mobility and HO • Network MIH Beacon • Focus on events and triggers • Focus on intra-layer communication to facilitate handover process • Focus on MIH call flows between protocol technologies • Scope matrix & MIH call flow • Summary 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 4 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Connection Analysis Cellular BTS BSC-1 BSC-2 .... BSC-n STA-1 AN HTTP Server BSC STA-2 Internet AP-1 STA-n FTP Server STA-1 .... PDSN AP-2 STA-2 Ethernet STA-n Video Server AP-n 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 5 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Transport Protocol & MIH Function (Based on v.12, 21-04-0087-12-0000) • No restrictions on use of any transport protocol to exchange MIH function events between STA Fn-Entity & Net Fn-Entity Mgmt L3 App Mgmt MIHSignaling MIHFunction L3 App MIHFunction MAC LLC Function PHY MACFunctions(802.xx) 802.yy PHYFunction(802.xx) PHY 802.yy MACFunction(802.xx) LLCFunction PHYFunctions(802.xx) Station Functional Entity 21-05-0164-04-0000 MAC Data Network Functional Entity Slide 6 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al MIH Recommendations for Mobility & HO Important mobility enablers Network capability ID – modified Beacon (MIH-Beacon) Fits into existing protocols and may vary one to another protocol, in placement Minimal protocol impact with optimized channel utilization and spectral efficiency. Broadcast existence of network Triggers Seamless handover and service continuity Events occur and fire triggers Beacon is also a trigger Mobile node <---> Network actions Layer communications MIH layer down the stack QoS issues Handover selection decisions 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 7 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Logical HO Views • Interoperability to facilitate smooth network handover • All traffic types & payload converge on the Ethernet level – follow MoIPv6 (preferred) rules Home-Adr, c/o-Adr, subnet fields, etc. • Service engine plays a big role on Fast-HO Enables native & non-native traffic flows Net-controller can harmonize, when needed >> 802.11 802.16 . ... . MoIP addressing over Ethernet Cellular MAC-xx MAC-xx MAC-yy MAC-zz PHY-xx PHY-xx PHY-yy PHY-zz 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 8 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al MIH-Beacon Direction 1. Network to broadcast MIH beacon 2. Mobile Node to scan for MIH-Beacon in background 3. Periodic broadcast Beacon contains MIH capabilities of network Beacon can indicate MIH capability and details stored MN decide when want to roam onto a new network Exchange basic capabilities with network during registration Capabilities exchanged during registration process Modifications needed to protocol New management message (or other appropriate frame) to indicate MIH beacon – communicate MIH capabilities New data type to define capabilities, per recommendations 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 9 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al MIH Network Selection Power-Up Example Scenario 1. Upon power-up, MN scans for MIH beacon Scan MN native mode first then proceed to other modes, if needed Immediately register in native mode, if available 2. If receive beacon from multiple networks, determine and track network types – could use influence from service engine, etc. 3. MN needs to determine primary function 4. Adherence to service engine rules to determine network selection Link metrics will influence decision to associate, or not Register with that network 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 10 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Content of MIH Beacon Message MAC Header • QOS Level APPL CLASS (4 Bits) (4 Bits) NET-TYPE Carrier ID (4 Bits) (32 bits) TRUST CAPACITY EXTENDED LEVEL (4 Bits) SERVICES (4 Bits) CRC (4 Bits) Optimization methods MIH-Capability (MIHC) flag TRUE or FALSE (1 bit) Most spectrally efficient option (also provides rapid cognition) If MIHC is true, several options may be implemented MN could query the network for additional details or share its capability info Service engine may perform the lookup to get MIH details, i.e. each field maps to a lookup table for decode New fields to consider: MoIP-ver (2 bits), location (relative or absolute), device/user preferences, etc. If MIHC flag is not set, there may be other options for the MN It could still register with the network Send its visiting net info to its native net along with routing Service engine could determine association or other options 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 11 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Capability Advertising Who advertises this information and how frequently is it done? • MIH-Beacon information may be exchanged by the network controller only during association with the MN Or, it may be exchanged more frequently – in this case MN may choose to look for this only when required, or it may choose to battery-save otherwise • Neighboring networks advertised Network controller (assuming it is MIH capable) will share this information MIH capable MN may periodically scan for supported protocols and report results to network controller or the service set This ability distributes the detection burden (power & time) Extends beyond network boundaries (if left only to network controller) Does not affect non-MIH MN 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 12 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al MIH Logical Stack Interfaces Application Network Convergence Mobility Mgmt LLC - User Preferences - Net. operation preference - Applications MM-SAP MIH Mobility Management Convergence MIH-MM-SAP MAC-SAP MAC 802.X/3GPP MIH Handover Control MIH-PHY-SAP PHY-SAP PHY 802.X/3GPP 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 13 MIH Physical Convergence Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al MIH Block Within the Stack Application Network Convergence Mobility Mgmt LLC - User Preferences - Net. operation preference - Applications MIH Mobility Management Convergence MIH Handover Control Mobility Events MIH MIH Physical Convergence MAC Events MAC 802.X/3GPP PHY Events PHY 802.X/3GPP 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 14 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al MIH Layer Descriptions MIH Mobility Management Convergence • Processes user/network requests based on defined preferences and network configurations and submits actions to the MIH Handover Control sub-layer MIH Handover Control • Processes MAC layer events and QoS-related network events • In response to submitted actions, executes handover function and performs handover sequence between all MIH layers MIH Physical Convergence • Processes RF-related indicators and submits actions to the MIH Handover Control sub-layer 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 15 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al MIH Layer Interface Descriptions MM-SAP • Carries messages of user preferences, network operation preferences, and applications between the MIH and MM MAC-SAP • Carries network triggers and QoS parameters required by the handover control sublayer. PHY–SAP • Carries RSSI, BER, CINR and RF-related parameters required by the handover control sublayer. MIH-MM-SAP • Carries requests, commands, and services required by the handover control sublayer. MIH-PHY-SAP • Carries link quality and RF-related parameters required by the handover control sublayer. 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 16 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al MIH Triggers Trigger Designation Event Reported Source Propose nomenclature for this trigger. E.g., MIH_HO_PREPARE, MIH_Event_Indication It refers to the nature of the event that is being reported. E.g., Link on connected interface is unavailable It describes the entity that originated the trigger. E.g., 802.11 MAC layer MIH.MAC.QoS Lack of bandwidth and/or other QoS parameter definitions. MAC Sender When generated It describes the entity responsible for sending the trigger from the source. E.g., MIH_SAP It describes the series of events, conditions and/or behavior that prompted the Source of this trigger to fire it. E.g., QoS thresholds being crossed MAC-SAP Use existing transports below L3. QoS thresholds QoS element values QoS thresholds Use existing transports above L3. Cost thresholds. Cost value. Cost thresholds. Use existing transports above L3. Priority preference table. Priority level. Priority preference table. MM-SAP User commands. MIH Mobility Management Convergence MIH Mobility Management Convergence Submit user initiated action to MIH HO Control local trigger Use existing transports above L3. User preferences. User input. User preferences. Network supported applications. MIH Mobility Management Convergence MIH Mobility Management Convergence Submit application initiated action to MIH HO Control local trigger Use existing transports above L3. Application parameters. Application parameters. Preferred network. 21-05-0164-04-0000 Receipt of a beacon and associated parameters. MM-SAP MIH.MOB.ROAM_PRIO MM QoS level, Appl class, Net-type, Carrier ID, Trust level, Capacity, Extended Services Submit costinitiated action to MIH HO Control local trigger Submit network priority action to MIH HO Control local trigger MM-SAP User applications. QoS level, Appl class, Net-type, Carrier ID, Trust level, Capacity, Extended Services MIH Mobility Management Convergence MIH Mobility Management Convergence MIH.MOB.COST MIH.MOB.APPL Based on QoS parameter definition for bandwidth, Based on QoS i.e. min/max bitrate parameter definition MIH Mobility Management Cost or Free. Convergence MIH Mobility Primary/home network Management detected. Convergence Network service fee only in terms of "tariff or free" MM MM Based on QoS parameter definition Use existing transports below L3. PHY-SAP MM-SAP MIH Handover Control Slide 17 Initiates handover sequence. Configuration Option QoS parameters as MIH Physical reported through PHY. Convergence MIH.PHY.RRM User preferences. Mobility Mgmt appl is executed via the Mob Mgmt conv layer QoS processing and as a result, function within MIH passed back to HO Control layer MIH HO Control local trigger Proposed Transport Options (s) Beacon detected. RSSI, BER/PER, latency, jitter, and other PHY QoS elements PHY MIH.MOB.USER QoS thresholds being crossed. MIH Handover Control Effect of receipt Trigger Scope MAC-SAP MIH.MAC.NETWORK MM Destination Beacon processing within MIH Handover Control PHY QoS processing function within MIH PHY Conv Layer (CL). Beacon message received. MAC Configuration Parameter and Trigger Description Information Elements It describes the entity It describes the It describes the It describes It describe the transport It specifies what It specifies all parameters It summarizes the responsible for receiving entity that processes behavior at whether a mechanisms that are parameters are provided by the trigger, characteristics of a the trigger at the the trigger. E.g., MIP destination upon trigger has required. E.g., Whether L2 configurable and both configurable and triggers in terms of the destination. E.g., MM stack receipt of the local or remote or L3 transport is used, what is the entity dynamically set conditions that cause entity trigger. E.g., L3 scope. If a Whether existing protocols that handles their parameters. E.g., Inter- the triggers to be fired handover is trigger has or new protocols are used. configuration. E.g., technology Capabilities, and the expected triggered. remote scope What are the precise end Throughput Measured throughput. behavior at the then the points, What is the structure thresholds set at receiving side. transport of the frame, What are the the MIH layer option must be required parameters specified. parameters and options Receiver Use existing transports remote trigger below L3. Submit PHY-QoS actions to MIH HO Control local trigger Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Application. Hoghooghi, et al Event & Link Triggers • Authorized MIH Capable • PHY RRM Force to leave network roamed to, if needed Pay for feature access Signal strength (RSSI) BER CINR/SNR Loss of link Better link available Link error occurred • User-selected preferences • Applications • Network billing cost • MAC QoS Bit rate Voice quality Jitter Bandwidth availability Traffic congestion • MIH Preferences Roam priority i.e. Home, .11, .16, etc. 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 18 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Event & Link Triggers Trigger Name Source Destination MIH.MOB.COST MIH.MOB.ROAM_PRIO MIH.MOB.USER MIH.MOB.APPL MIH.MAC.NETWORK MIH.MAC.QoS MOB MOB MOB MOB MAC MAC MIH Mobility Mgmt Conv MIH Mobility Mgmt Conv MIH Mobility Mgmt Conv MIH Mobility Mgmt Conv MIH Handover Control MIH Handover Control PHY MIH Phys Conv Bit rate Voice quality Jitter Bandwidth availability Traffic congestion MIH.PHY.RRM BER Signal strength (RSSI) CINR/SNR Loss of link Better link available Link error occurred 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 19 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al MIH Call Flow Multimode STA HL MIH Function MIH Mobility Conv Old Point of Attachment LL LL MIH Function New Point of Attachment HL LL MIH Function Local Trigger HO Rqst MIH HO Control MIH PHY Conv Beacon Message Handover association request and SS basic parameters Query current network Obtain subscriber details Handover grant Activate on new network 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 20 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al HL Cellular Handover Example Mobile Downward – “to” Cellular handover • • • • • • • • • • Weak signal detected from current network Access the cellular channel Receive agent advertisement from cellular network Handoff ready request from MN to cellular network Data packets begin buffering in cellular network Routing update completed Assignment of cellular traffic channel MN registers on the cellular network Buffered packets are forwarded to MN Disassociation with previous network Mobile Upward – “from” Cellular handover • • • • • • • MN receives strong beacon from new network Receive agent advertisement from cellular network Handoff ready request from MN to cellular network Traffic channel release request from MN Reassociation request to new network Data packets forwarded to new network Release completed 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 21 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Media Independent Handover Proposal Scope Matrix for Discussion Part-I Core Elements Event Service Information Service MIHO Support MIH Reference Model 802.3 to/from 802.X 802.3 to/from 3GPP 802.3 to/from 3GPP2 802.X to/from 802.Y 802.X to/from 3GPP 802.X to/from 3GPP2 - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed 21-05-0164-04-0000 - Addressed Network Discovery Other Elements Transport Special HL Security Support Schema QoS Schema Other - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed - Addressed Slide 22 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Media Independent Handover Proposal Scope Matrix for Discussion Part-II MIHO Support 802.3 to/from 802.X 802.3 to/from 3GPP 802.3 to/from 3GPP2 802.X to/from 802.Y 802.X to/from 3GPP 802.X to/from 3GPP2 21-05-0164-04-0000 Station Initiated – Station Controlled Architectural Precepts of the Proposal Station Initiated – Network Initiated – Network Controlled Station Controlled - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported - Supported Slide 23 Network Initiated Network Controlled Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al Summary • Key points: Beacon message to indicate network presence and MIH capability MN capable of querying network for capabilities MN can associate with newly detected network • Updated information on triggers to initiate handover • SAPs defined to carry information between MIH and other layers • Processing of triggers done at specific blocks within MIH layer • Call flow example to show how handover would be done using beacon as trigger 21-05-0164-04-0000 Slide 24 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Hoghooghi, et al