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www.taloncom.com ID A16C: Outfitting Embedded Devices with Low Power Wireless Communications Design considerations for adding wireless communications to low power embedded devices Talon Communications Shimon Gersten CTO 14 October 2010 Version: 1.0 Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies Solutions for Innovation Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 ** Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). 2 Renesas Technology and Solution Portfolio Microcontrollers & Microprocessors #1 Market share worldwide * Solutions for Innovation ASIC, ASSP & Memory Advanced and proven technologies Analog and Power Devices #1 Market share in low-voltage MOSFET** * MCU: 31% revenue basis from Gartner "Semiconductor Applications Worldwide Annual Market Share: Database" 25 March 2010 ** Power MOSFET: 17.1% on unit basis from Marketing Eye 2009 (17.1% on unit basis). 3 Microcontroller and Microprocessor Line-up Superscalar, MMU, Multimedia High Performance CPU, Low Power High Performance CPU, FPU, DSC Up to 1200 DMIPS, 45, 65 & 90nm process Video and audio processing on Linux Server, Industrial & Automotive Up to 500 DMIPS, 150 & 90nm process 600uA/MHz, 1.5 uA standby Medical, Automotive & Industrial Up to 165 DMIPS, 90nm process 500uA/MHz, 2.5 uA standby Ethernet, CAN, USB, Motor Control, TFT Display Legacy Cores Next-generation migration to RX General Purpose Up to 10 DMIPS, 130nm process 350 uA/MHz, 1uA standby Capacitive touch 4 Ultra Low Power Embedded Security Up to 25 DMIPS, 150nm process Up to 25 DMIPS, 180, 90nm process 190 uA/MHz, 0.3uA standby 1mA/MHz, 100uA standby Application-specific integration Crypto engine, Hardware security Definitions ISM – Instrumentation, Scientific & Medical bands. The 2.4GHz band is international. LPW – Low Power Wireless. The ISM transmitted power allowed by various countries. MAC – Media Access Control RF – Radio Frequency RTOS – Real Time Operating System 5 Sections Components of LPW devices Wireless protocols Wireless demand on software Wireless demands on power Major selection criteria Q&A 6 Components of LPW Battery Powered Devices – Typical Antenna RF matching Radio MAC HW MCU Power control Battery Antenna RF matching & filtering IC: Transciever + MAC Xtal System Processor Power control Battery Typical LPW device 7 User IF LED, LCD, keys Components of LPW Devices Printed Antenna External Antennas 8 Components of LPW Battery Powered Devices Embedded antennas Rechargeable battery 9 Components of LPW Devices RF module with Radio IF Antenna RF matching & filtering Discrete Power amplifier Discrete LNA Discrete Switch Transceiver MAC RF and MAC discrete System Processor Custom device 10 Xtal Components of LPW Devices Network Processor RF module Antenna Complete RF solution RF matching & filtering LNA API IF to MCU Power amplifier Switch Transciever Xtal MAC MCU Network Processor System Processor Custom device 11 Xtal Components of LPW Devices RF module with integrated ICs for radio, Power amp and LNA, and matching. Antenna RF matching & filtering Radio IF to MCU IC: Power amplifier + LNA IC: Transceiver + MAC RF and MAC integrated System Processor Custom device 12 Xtal Components of LPW Devices Antennas Internal Wire Printed Chip External Omni directional Directional 13 Wireless Protocols – ISM bands IEEE 802.11 – WiFi Bluetooth – new LE Zigbee – new SE 2.0 (6lowPAN) 802.15.4 ANT Proprietary 14 Wireless Protocols – Decision Making Performance Interoperability Network Topology Energy consumption Time to market Cost 15 Wireless Protocols – Decision Making Performance Throughput – amount of payload per time Latency – time it takes for a specific data item to arrive. Reliability – odds of all data arriving up corrupted 16 Wireless Protocols – Decision Making Interoperability Wifi – MAC [.11a, .11b, .11g, .11n] Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Bluetooth – profiles [headset, printer, HID …] BLE – profiles [healthcare, sports] ZigBee – profiles [HA, Smart Energy, health …] ANT+ - profiles [heartbeat, bicycle, scale …] Proprietary – No Interop 17 Wireless Protocols – Decision Making Network Topology Point to point Star – Hub point to many points Peer to peer – Communicating pairs Mesh - Any point, of many, to any - Networks nodes serve as routers 18 Wireless Demand on Software Sleep modes Run-time efficiency Co-existence with MAC Share common resources Power management 19 Wireless Demand on Software Share common resources RTOS Interrupts Timers RAM Code space Peripherals 20 Wireless Demand on Power Receiver ON time Transmitter power Bit rate Error rate Overhead Wakeup time 21 Major Selection Criteria Wireless protocol Level of RF integration Power source Enclosure 22 Major Selection Criteria Wireless protocol This is usually the first criteria to apply. The selection of wireless protocol may affect: 23 Processor class [32,16 or 8 bit] RAM size Code size Interoperability Power requirements Device cost Time to market Major Selection Criteria Level of RF integration This is both business and engineering criteria. The selection of fully integrated module vs. custom implementation depends on: 24 Performance requirements Power limitation Projected volume Product maturity Available expertise Time to market Produce life and support RF Module Risk 25 Major Selection Criteria TI TI Atmel Nordic CC2400 CC2500 ATR24 06 nRF24 L01 cost @ 10K [$] 3.60 @ 100 2.00 @ 100 3.00 @ 3K 2.00 max rate [Mbps] 1 0.5 1.152 2 max channels 84 168 95 126 RX at rate current [mA] 24 17 57 12.3 TX @ 0 dBm current [mA] 19 21.6 42 11.3 sleep current [microA] 1.5 0.4 1 0.9 Level of RF integration – radio selection example: 22 standby current [microA] RX sensitivity @ max rate [-dBm] 87 Modulation 83 93 82 MSK GFSK GFSK 0.25 1.5 sleep to up [mS] 0.13 standby to up [mS] 6.5 SPI max rate [Mbps] carrier detection yes yes RSSI yes yes 10 yes yes yes auto ACK no auto retry crystal [+/-PPM], [MHz] 26 8 20,16 40,26 yes 10,13.8 24 60,16 Major Selection Criteria Power source This is both usability and engineering criteria. The selection of power source depends on: Power requirements [mains, battery, harvested …] Use case [no user access, available charger …] Device dimensions [4 x 30 x 40mm] Device weight [10 grams] 27 Q&A 28 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. Thank You! 29 © 2010 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved. www.taloncom.com