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Dilbert
Dilbert
Best Buy – November 2010
Apple Computer
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Started about the same time as
Microsoft
Was founded by Steve Jobs and Steve
Wosniak in a garage in California’s
silicon valley
Was hardware focused vs. software
focus for Microsoft
Created the first personal computer
Apple Computer
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Developed the point and click interface
with a mouse
Was nearly bankrupted by IBM style
personal computers using Microsoft
software
Refused to interface with Microsoft
software
Steve Jobs was forced out of the
company
Apple Computer
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Company nearly failed
Steve Jobs rejoined
Focused on high quality innovative
devices
Developed iPod
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iTunes created as a way to get value for
music and replace free downloads
Developed iPhone
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Many versions with innovative
technology
Apple Computer
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Developed iPAD
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Opened tablet computer market
Developed iPad mini
Surpassed Microsoft in value
Is now the most valuable company in
the World
Can Apple continue to develop new
technology and devices?
Materials
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Conductive materials – valence band overlaps
the conduction band
Non conductive materials – valence band is
separated from conduction band and electrons
can not easily get to the conduction band
Semiconductor materials – conduction band is
close to valence band and electrons can easily
jump from the valence band to the conduction
band with an energy source
Silicon
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Silicon is an element
Silicon is the first or second most abundant
element on the earth
Sand is a form of silicon
Silicon is know as a semiconductor because
under certain conditions it can conduct electricity
(electrons)
Silicon is the most widely used material for
today’s microelectronics
Silicon was not the first semiconductor material
used, germanium was first.
silicon
Raw silicon is melted and grown
into a single crystal ingot
Silicon ingot being grown
Completed silicon ingot
Once the ingot is complete, wafers are
sawn from the ingot and the top side is
polished to a mirror finish
Group 4
Silicon
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From the periodic chart you can see that
silicon is a group 4 element
Group 4 elements have 4 electrons in their
outer most electron shell
Germanium is also a group 4 element
Why is silicon an excellent
microelectronics material?
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It is very abundant
It can be grown into a single orientation
crystal
It can be made electrically active easily
It can be made to conduct electrons with
a small applied potential
It has a naturally forming oxide that acts
as an insulating and diffusion barrier
Two
dimensional
schematic of
three
dimensional
crystal
Group 3 Elements
P type doping –
Positive, electron
short, also called
a hole
Group 5 elements
N-type doping
– N is
negative,
electron rich
Combing n-type
silicon and ptype silicon
gives a pn
junction
The EE project in the clean room
will use silicon wafers as the base
for the antennas
Special
tweezers are
used to
handle
silicon
wafers
The future
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Silicon will continue to play a dominant role
but other semiconductor materials will play
an increasing role
III-V semiconductor materials made from
group III and group V elements are now
common ( GaAs, InP, AlN )
II-VI semiconductor materials are being
investigated for special applications
SiC, “diamond like carbon”, and SiGe are
also of interest
Next homework assignment
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HW5 from the web site
Write a one page report on “RFID”
Be sure to include the frequency of
operation for “RFID”
Know what “RFID” stands for
Know the two types of “RFID”
Include at least two references
Due next class meeting