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Transcript
Multistage Amplifiers Differential-to-Single-Ended Conversion Figure 7.27 A simple but inefficient approach for differential to single-ended conversion. 1 The Active-Loaded MOS Differential Pair Figure 7.28 (a) The active-loaded MOS differential pair. (b) The circuit at equilibrium assuming perfect matching. (c) The circuit with a differential input signal applied, neglecting the ro of all transistors. 2 Transconductance of the Active-Loaded MOS Pair (Short-Circuit) Figure 7.29 Determining the short-circuit transconductance Gm ; io/vid of the active-loaded MOS differential pair. 3 Output Resistance of the Active-Loaded MOS Pair Ad vo Gm Ro vid Figure 7.30 Circuit for determining Ro. The circled numbers indicate the order of the analysis steps. 4 A Two-Stage CMOS Op Amp Figure 7.40 Two-stage CMOS op-amp configuration. 5 A Four-Stage Bipolar Op Amp Figure 7.43 A four-stage bipolar op amp. 6