Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Go (programming language) wikipedia , lookup
Functional programming wikipedia , lookup
Reactive programming wikipedia , lookup
Abstraction (computer science) wikipedia , lookup
Object-oriented programming wikipedia , lookup
Structured programming wikipedia , lookup
Programming language wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 0 - Introduction to Computers and Programming Languages : Objectives • After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to – State briefly a history of computers. – Name and describe five major components of the computer. – State the difference between the low-level and highlevel programming languages. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 0 - 1 A History of Computers • Charles Babbage is credited as the father of computer Difference Engine and Analytical Engine • Ada Lovelace, who wrote demonstration programs for Analytical Engine, is credited as the first programmer. • The first modern computer was built by Atanasoff of Iowa State University in the late 1930s. • An electromechanical computer MARK I was built by Howard Aiken of Harvard. • The first completely electronic computer ENIAC I was built by Mauchly and Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 0 - 2 History of Computers (cont’d) • • • • • Stored Program – John von Neumann First Generation of Computers – vacuum tubes (1940’s) Second Generation – transistors (1950’s) Third Generation – IC’s (1960’s) Fourth Generation – chips (1970’s – until now) • Now, networks, Internet and others are popular with computers. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 0 - 3 Computer Architecture Output Devices Communication Devices Input Devices ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. RAM CPU Storage Devices 4th Ed Chapter 0 - 4 Progress of CPU Speed For more information on Intel CPUs, click ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Intel Museum or Quick Reference Chart. 4th Ed Chapter 0 - 5 Programming Languages • Three levels of programming languages: – Machine Languages – Machine language instructions are binary coded and very low level. – Assembly Languages – Assembly language allows symbolic programming. Requires an assembler to translate assembly programs into machine programs. – High-level Languages – High-level language provides a very high conceptual model of computing. Requires a compiler to translate high-level pograms into assembly programs. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 0 - 6 Java • Java is a high-level object-oriented language developed by James Gosling and his team at Sun Microsystems. • Java’s clean design and wide availability make it an ideal language for teaching the fundamentals of computer programming. ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 4th Ed Chapter 0 - 7