Download Chapter 13 Delivering Your Speech

3 Presentation Technique
apter 13
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Principles of Nonverbal Communication
• Deliberate &
unintentional
• Few signs have
universal meaning
• Trust the nonverbal
• Perception takes
precedence over
intent
Trust the Nonverbal
Nonverbal Communication
“I feel so sorry for
you. The break up
must be really hard
for you.”
As much as 65% of the social meaning of messages is
based on NVB expression.
Methods of Delivery
•
•
•
•
Impromptu
From memory
From a manuscript
Extemporaneous
Impromptu Speaking
Speaking without advance
preparation.
Speaking from Memory
Delivering a speech
that is recalled word
for word from a
written text.
Speaking from Manuscript
Delivering a speech
from a text written
word for word and
practiced in advance.
Speaking Extemporaneously
Delivering a speech
from notes or from a
memorized outline.
Qualities of Effective Delivery
• Helps both listener and
speaker
• Looks and feels natural,
comfortable, and spontaneous
• Is best when the audience is
not aware of it
Elements of Vocal Delivery
•
•
•
•
Rate and pause
Volume
Pitch and inflection
Articulation and pronunciation
Rate
The speed at which a speech
is delivered.
Pause
An intentional or unintentional period
of silence in a speaker’s vocal
delivery.
Volume
The relative loudness or softness of a
speaker’s voice.
Pitch
The highness or lowness of a
speaker’s voice.
Inflection
Patterns of change in a person’s pitch
level while speaking.
See p. 232
Articulation
The mechanical process of forming the
sounds necessary to communicate in
a particular language.
Deletion: “library” for “library”
Addition: “athalete” for “athlete” (error)
Substitution: “git” for “get” (error)
Pronunciation
How the sounds of a word are to be
said and which parts are to be
stressed.
• Ā, ā = able, rate
• Ä, ä = father, wand
• A, a = pat, marry
• Â, â = air, prepare
Elements of Physical Delivery
•
•
•
•
•
•
Appearance
Posture
Facial expression
Eye contact
Movement
Gestures
Appearance
A speaker’s
physical features,
including dress
and grooming.
Posture
The position or
bearing of a
speaker’s body
while delivering a
speech.
Facial Expression
The tension and
movement of various parts
of a speaker’s face.
Facial Expression
• Your face plays a key role in expressing
your thoughts, and especially your
emotions and attitudes.
• Your facial expression should naturally
vary to be consistent with your message.
Eye Contact
Gaze behavior in
which a speaker
looks at
listener’s eyes.
Eye Contact
• However, not all people from all cultures
prefer the same amount of direct eye
contact when listening to someone talk.
Look!
Don’t
look!
• Establish eye contact
with the entire
audience, not just with
those in front row or
only one or two people.
• It’s best not to establish
a predictable pattern for
your eye contact.
Movement
A speaker’s motion
from place to
place during
speech delivery.
Movement
You may want to
move purposefully
about while
delivering your
speech, but take care
that your movement
does not detract from
your message.
Gestures
Movements of a
speaker’s hands,
arms, and head
while delivering
a speech.
Cultural expectations can help you make
decisions about your approach to using
gestures.
Functions of Gestures
• Your hands should
simply help
emphasize or
reinforce your verbal
message.
• Your gestures can
lend strength to or
detract from what
you have to say.
What’s The Take Home Message?
• Delivery includes voice,
body and language
• Delivery is subject to four
principles
• Four methods of delivery
• Non-verbal includes
everything that cannot be
captured and recorded in a
manuscript
• You must adapt your
delivery