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Transcript
The Religion of Islam
Symbol of Islam
• The crescent moon is a
common symbol of
Islam. Muslims believe
that when Muhammad
received his first
revelation, the moon was
in its last stage,
appearing as a waning
crescent.
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Beth Berry
What percent of the population of
the Middle East practice Islam?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
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Islam
Christianity
Judaism
Beth Berry
Followers
• Islam
– True Meaning: Means submission to the will of
God
• Followers are called Muslims.
– True meaning: Person who submits.
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Religious Figures
• Muhammad is the key figure.
• Abraham, Jesus, and Moses
were prophets (messengers
of God’s word).
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Holy Book
• Holy Book is called the Koran- Qur'an
– Contains revelations God made to
Muhammad.
– The Koran contains both Old and New
Testaments
– Written in Arabic, the sacred language.
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Beliefs
•
•
•
•
•
Belief in one god, God of Abraham.
Arabic is the Sacred language
Men can have up to four wives.
Do not drink alcohol or eat pork
Main goal is to live a good moral life.
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Role of Women
• The role of women varies depending on the country.
• Israel, Egypt, and Jordan: women are well educated and
hold positions in business, politics, and military.
• Other countries have extreme restrictions for women
including Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Afghanistan
• In Saudi Arabia, women have fewer rights than men
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Can’t drive
Four wives
Can’t attend events with men
Male family members must escort in public
Can’t work outside the home
Women must wear chadors
Clothing requirements are LAW.
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Worship Services
• Place of worship is a mosque
• Services are held on Fridays and lead by an
imam
• Imams are selected according to good
character and religious knowledge
• The most important worship service is held
Friday at noon
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Practices and Rituals
The Five Pillars of Faith:
• The declaration of Faith:
Click to
hear the
call to
prayer
– The statement of faith must be declared publicly
“ That Allah is one and Muhammad is his
Messenger”
• Pray five times per day, always
facing Mecca
– One at sunrise, Noon, 3 pm, sunset, 9 pm
• Giving of alms, or charity.
– 2.5% of wealth
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Practices and Rituals continued
The Five Pillars
continued:
• Fast during the holy
month of Ramadan
You are not allowed to eat
anything from sunrise to sunset
Ends with Eid-al-Fitr– or
Festival of Fast-Breaking
Once in a life time, any Muslim
who can afford the journey is
expected to make pilgrimages
• Hajj, or pilgrimage to
Mecca
Holy Cities
• Mecca: the birthplace of
Muhammad
• Jerusalem: Dome of the Rock
• Medina: Burial place of
Muhammad
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After Death
• Goal is to live with God’s guidance which
will be rewarded with salvation.
• The opposite is damnation, or eternal
suffering in hell.
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Number of Members today
• 1.3 billion people out of the world
population of 6.1 billion practice the
religion of Islam.
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The Spread of Islam
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Caliph
• The caliphate empire created a vast trading
system.
• Islam was spread through books that were
exchanged along trade routes during the
caliph empire.
• The caliphs conquered Spain and spread
Islam throughout.
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The Ottoman Empire
• The Ottoman empire was a large Muslim
army that conquered many areas and
spread Islam. They controlled what is now
Turkey and parts of North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Southeast Europe.
• Rulers of the Ottoman Empire were called
sultans, which is a term for Muslim leaders.
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Sects
• Sunni- majority
• Shi’ite- minority
• These two groups share most beliefs, but
differ over the issue of leadership.
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Beth Berry
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Beth Berry