* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Islam & the Ottoman Empire
History of Islam wikipedia , lookup
Criticism of Islamism wikipedia , lookup
Islam and secularism wikipedia , lookup
Islam and violence wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Mormonism wikipedia , lookup
Satanic Verses wikipedia , lookup
Political aspects of Islam wikipedia , lookup
War against Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Bangladesh wikipedia , lookup
Soviet Orientalist studies in Islam wikipedia , lookup
Historicity of Muhammad wikipedia , lookup
Islam and Sikhism wikipedia , lookup
Islam and war wikipedia , lookup
Schools of Islamic theology wikipedia , lookup
Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe wikipedia , lookup
Origin of Shia Islam wikipedia , lookup
Islamic missionary activity wikipedia , lookup
Islamic schools and branches wikipedia , lookup
Islam in Europe wikipedia , lookup
Islam and other religions wikipedia , lookup
Islam and modernity wikipedia , lookup
Thursday, October 2, 2014 Take Out: • Writing utensil • Notes Today • Islam & Ottoman Empire Homework: Worksheet – Suleyman Coming Up – Quiz on Wednesday! - Age of Exploration & Ottoman Empire info Islam & the Ottoman Empire World Map - 1600 Vocabulary • Islam – the religion – literally, means submission or peace – Monotheistic religion • Muslim – one who follows Islam • Allah – God – Arabic word • Qu’ran – Holy book – sometimes spelled in English as Koran – means recitation Vocabulary • Hadiths – the record of Mohammed’s sayings and deeds • Shariah – Islamic Law – Muslims must follow (but in reality only a small percentage of Muslims practice complete Shariah) • Caliph – successor • Pillar – belief – There are five pillars of Islam What is Islam? • Monotheistic religion (one god) • Hundreds of years old • Islam is practiced by 1/5 of the world’s population What is Islam? • What do Muslims believe? – Peace, mercy, forgiveness – One, Unique, Incomparable God – God’s complete authority over human destiny and in life after death – Prophet Muhammad and angel Gabriel Who Was Muhammad? • Born in 570 • First supernatural visit in 575 • Known for his truthfulness, generosity and sincerity – sought after to arbitrate disputes • Calm and meditative • Was content with his ordinary life, but that all changed one day… Muhammad • Gabriel, an angel, began speaking to Muhammad in a cave at the Mountain of Light • Gabriel’s Revelation lasted for 23 years • This is known as the Quran Muhammad • Muhammad began preaching in public to strangers in the streets in 613 – Makkahn authorities saw this as a threat – Muhammad had to hide in his uncle’s castle Muhammad • Muhammad escaped to Medina (“City of the Prophet”) to avoid persecution – Called the Hijra • Occurred in 622, which marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar • 2014 = 1435–1436 AH Muhammad • Muhammad died in 632 • Abu Bakr, Muhammad’s best friend, became the first caliph Message of Islam • Five pillars of Islam: – Faith – Prayer – Fasting • (month of Ramadan) – Charity – Pilgrimage • (Hajj – annual pilgrimage to Mecca) Message of Islam • Monotheism • Allah (Arabic name for God) • Qu’ran • People are responsible for their actions • Recognize no official priests Ottoman Empire • By 1300 a small Turkish state grew powerful – Became an immense empire stretching across three continents Ottoman Empire • First leader: Osman – Westerners called him Othman – Called his followers Ottomans – Empire became known as Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire • Second leader: Osman’s son Orkhan – Declared himself sultan – “one with power” – Expanded empire Ottoman Empire • Kept expanding under Orkhan’s sons Ottoman Empire • 1512, Ottoman Empire includes Islam’s holy cities – Mecca – Medina – Cairo (intellectual center of Muslim world) Ottoman Empire • Ottoman Empire – peak size and grandeur under Suleyman the Lawgiver – 1520-1566 Ottoman Empire - decline • After? Slow decline due to incompetent leaders Essential Question What is Islam? How did the Islamic Empire expand? Expansion of the Islamic Empire