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Chapter 22
SW ASIA
Religion, Politics and Oil
3 Religions in SW Asia
 Islam (Muslims) One God, Allah
Muhammad messenger of Allah
 Judaism (Jews) Monotheism – based on
the Old Testament
 Christianity – New Testament – story of
Jesus – founder of Christianity
ISLAM
 Monotheistic religion
 Based on the teaching of the founder
 Muhammad first recitations of the Qur'an
in the 7th century
Five Pillars of Islam
 Faith (“no god but Allah)
 Prayer (5 times a day)
 Charity (support less fortunate)
 Fasting (don’t eat or drink during Ramadan)
 Pilgrimmage (to Mecca)
GOVERNMENTS CONTROLLED
BY THE MUSLIMS
 Theocratic – religious leaders control the
government
 Government depends on religious laws
 Often consult religious scholars
Ruhollah Khomeini
Iranian leader, called the Ayatollah (Arab.,
"gift of God," a religious title of honor),
who led the revolution that toppled
Muhammad Riza Shah Pahlavi in 1979.
WHO RULES
SAUDI ARABIA?
Saud family
OPEC
 Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries
 Helps member nations control world wide
oil prices
CHANGING MODES OF
TRANSPORTATION
 Cars, trucks, and cycles replace the
Camel
MUSLIM SPIRITUAL
TRADITION
 Month of Ramadan – Muslims fast from
dawn to sunset
 July 9 to August 7th (30 days)
MECCA
 Saudi Arabian city – Muslims holiest city
 Muslims need to make a pilgrimage to
this holiest city of Islam
MOSQUE
 Place of worship for Muslims
The Eastern Mediterranean
Section 2
 What are the monotheistic religions
 What role does Jerusalem play in this region
MONOTHEISTIC
RELIGIONS
 Islam
 Judaism
 Christianity
IMPORTANCE OF
JERUSALEM
 Important part of each of their religious
history
Dome of the Rock
Dome of the Rock
 a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from
which Muhammad ascended through the
seven heavens to the throne of God: built
on the site of the Jewish Temple.
Western Wall (Wailing Wall)
Western Wall
 a wall in Jerusalem where Jews, on
certain occasions, assemble for prayer
and lamentation: traditionally believed to
be the remains of the western wall of
Herod's temple, destroyed by the
Romans in 70 A.D.
CREATION OF ISRAEL
 Came about in the 1940’s
 Jews needed a homeland after WWII
EASTERN
MEDITERRANEAN FOODS
 Pita bread
 Chicken
 Lamb
ZIONISM
 A movement that began in the 19th
century to create and support a Jewish
homeland in Palestine
PALESTIAN LIBERATION
ORGANIZATION
 Formed in the 1960’s
 Formed to regain the land for Palestinian
Arabs (Muslims)
 PLO has used political and military
means to take possession of Arab land in
Israel
MESOPOTAMIA
 “Land between two rivers”
 Tigris and Euphrates
TWO MAIN BRANCHES
OF ISLAM (in Iraq)
 Sunni
 Shiite
KURDS
 They are a nation of people without a
land to legally occupy
OIL RESOURCES FUELS
CLASHES OVER LAND
 Powerful nations want to control this
resource and are willing to fight for them
 Kuwait
TALIBAN
 An extremist Muslim group in
Afghanistan that imposed strict rules on
people’s behavior
Osama Bin Laden