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Christianity and Islam People, Texts, Ideologies, and Places Words to Know! Mecca Jerusalem Muslims/Islam Muhammad Caliph The Quran Sunni/Shia Jesus Bible Monotheism Catholic/Protestant Graphic Organizer (Right Side) Ethnic group vs Religious Group ► Ethnic groups share many common characteristics such as language, physical features, customs, and traditions ► Religious groups share a common belief system but are not necessarily composted of a single ethnic group. About Yeshua (Jesus): ► ► ► Christians follow the teachings of Yeshua of Nazareth, commonly referred to as Jesus Christ. He was executed by the Roman occupying authorities in Palestine The Trinity consists of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit; three separate persons, all eternal, all omnipresent, all omnipotent, all beneficent, who form a single, unified deity [Monotheistic]. Church history: After Jesus' death, his followers formed the Jewish Christian movement, centered in Jerusalem. One of Jesus' followers, Simon Peter, may have headed the group. James, who was either Jesus' brother, cousin, or friend, took over leadership later. They regarded themselves as a reform movement within Judaism; they continued to sacrifice at the temple, follow Jewish kosher food laws, etc. ► The Protestant Reformation in the 16th century led to a split within Christianity. The Protestant movement further fragmented into what is now thousands of individual denominations and groups of denominations. ► Pope-Human leader of the Catholic Church. Modern Christianity Catholic Protestant Roman Catholic Baptist Orthodox Catholic Methodist Eastern Orthodox Presbyterian And so on… Christian Holy Places ► Jerusalem is believed to be the site of some of Jesus' teaching, the Last Supper, as well as his ► ► entombment; Christians believe He was crucified on a nearby hill, Golgotha (sometimes called Calvary). It contains the Church of the Holy Sepulcher and the Church of All Nations. Bethlehem is the birthplace of Jesus. Nazareth is Jesus' hometown ► What other religions also considers Jerusalem to be a holy city? Graphic Organizer (Right Side) Christianity Islam/Muslim Texts=Torah+Bible----Quran Figures=Jesus Mohammad God-----------Allah Ideas= 10 Commandments 5 Pillars 1. Which of the following is a true statement: A. All Arabs are Muslims B. All Muslims are Arabs C. Iran is an Arab country D. None of the above 1. Which of the following is a true statement: A. All Arabs are Muslims B. All Muslims are Arabs C. Iran is an Arab country D. None of the above 2. During prayer a Muslim should face: A. Mecca B. Islamabad C. Jerusalem D. Washington, DC 2. During prayer a Muslim should face: A. Mecca B. Islamabad C. Jerusalem D. Washington, DC Muslims are strict monotheists. They believe in the Judeo-Christian God, which they call Allah. Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. 114 suras (chapters). Written in Arabic. Important People in Islam Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad The Origins of Islam Muhammad-born Abraham. Muhammad in Mecca in 571, descendent of supposedly spoke to the angel Gabriel Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death. Caliph-Spiritual leader of Islam Islam by the death of Mohammed 632 732, 100 Yrs after Mohammed The 'Five Pillars' of Islam The framework for Muslim life. Essential practices 1. The declaration of faith: • "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet." 2. Prayer: • Five obligatory prayers each day. * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed •Wash before praying •Face Mecca and use a prayer rug. The 'Five Pillars' of Islam ► 3.Zakat: ►Obligatory charitable giving by setting aside a portion (2.5%) for the needy 4.Fasting: ►From sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan The 'Five Pillars' of Islam 5.Pilgrimage: ►A pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca, Arabia. Must be done at least once in a Muslim’s lifetime. ► 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. ► Graphic Organizer (Right Side) Christianity Islam/Muslim Tests=Torah+Bible----Quran Figures=Jesus-----------Muhammad God-------------AKA-Allah Ideas= 10 Commandments Jihad and the Conduct of War • Islam is not addicted to war, and jihad is not one of its "pillars” • Jihad in Arabic does not mean "holy war”. It means "struggle” or “strive”. • It is the difficult effort needed to put God's will into practice at every level Relation with other Faiths • Like the Torah, the Quran permits retaliation eye for eye, tooth for tooth. But, like the Gospels, it says “it is meritorious to forgo revenge in a spirit of charity (5: 45) • Acknowledges Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, David, Solomon, Zacharia, Jesus, John the paptist, and others as the “the good prophets of God” • A special place for Jesus and Mary (e.g., 3:45,46; 4:156-158; 19:1-98) • Accepts that Mary’s conception is from God’s soul. • Rejects the divinity of Jesus (no trinity). • Jesus was not killed (e.g., 4:155-159; 5:17-19) Sunni and Shia(Shiite) Split Like many other religions the Islamic faith is divided between two separate groups (the Sunni and the Shia). Approx 90% of Muslims are Sunnis. Shias are Muslims who follow Ali, Muhammad’s closet relative. Ali was Muhammad’s cousin And was married to his daughter. After Muhammad died, Muslims split over The Sunnis wanted the Community to choose the best leader to succeed Muhammad, while the Shia favored Ali, feeling that leadership should stay within the prophet’s family. Who would succeed Muhammad as leader of Islam. *Most Iranians are Shia Muslims. Three holiest cities in Islam: Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem. Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended into heaven. Graphic Organizer (Right Side) Christianity Islam/Muslim Tests=Torah+Bible----Quran Figures=Jesus-----------Muhammad God-------------AKA-Allah Ideas= 10 Commandments Holy Place= Jerusalem----------Mecca Ideas 5 Pillars So who’s religious site is it? The Dome of the Rock is one of the holiest sites in Islam. Its significance is from the religious beliefs regarding the rock at its center. According to Islamic tradition, the rock is the spot from where Muhammad ascended to Heaven accompanied by the angel Gabriel. The stone hillside over which the Muslim shrine was built is also the holiest site in Judaism. Just as Muslims pray towards the Kaaba in Mecca, the holiest site in Islam, Jews pray towards the site of the the Foundation Stone, the holiest site in Judaism. In Christianity it is called the Church of the Holy Wisdom. Mecca, Saudi Arabia The Ka'aba (literally "the cube" in Arabic) is an ancient stone structure that was built and re-built by prophets as a house of monotheistic worship. It is located inside the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Ka'aba is considered the center of the Muslim world, and is a unifying focal point for Islamic worship. House of Worship= Mosque Islamic public place of prayer. Mosques are the centre of community worship and the site of Friday prayer services. Essentially an open space, usually roofed, with a minaret sometimes attached. Statues and pictures are not permitted as decoration. The minaret, originally any elevated place but now usually a tower, is used by the muezzin (crier) to proclaim the call to worship five times each day. During prayer, Muslims orient themselves toward the qiblah wall, which is invariably oriented toward the Ka'bah in Mecca. The mosque has traditionally been the centre of social, political, and educational life in Islamic societies. Graphic Organizer (Right Side) Christianity Islam/Muslim Tests=Torah+Bible----Quran Figures=Jesus-----------Muhammad God-------------AKA-Allah Building= Church Building= Mosque Ideas= 10 Commandments Holy Place= Jerusalem----------Mecca Ideas 5 Pillars Bibliography Islam's Sunni-Shiite split. Dan Murphy | Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0117/p25s01-wome.html