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Religion: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam 1 Brief History Judaism- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism around 2000 B.C. Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths (religions with one God). Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem. It was after his death when his followers came to believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah. Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad between A.D. 610 and A.D. 632 Followers Called: ◦ Judaism – Jews ◦ Christianity – Christians ◦ Islam – Muslims Clergy Called: ◦ Judaism – rabbis ◦ Christianity – bishop, pastor, ministers, priest ◦ Islam - imams 3 House of Worship ◦ Judaism – synagogue or temple ◦ Christianity – church, cathedral, chapel ◦ Islam – mosque ◦ Day of Worship Judaism – Saturday Christianity – Sunday Islam - Friday 4 Original Language ◦ Judaism – Hebrew ◦ Christianity – Aramaic and Greek ◦ Islam – Arabic Names of God ◦ Judaism – Yahweh and Elohim ◦ Christianity – God, the Trinity ◦ Islam - Allah 5 Major Locations TODAY ◦ Judaism – Europe, Israel, North America ◦ Christianity – Europe, North and South America ◦ Islam – Africa, Middle East, and Southeast Asia 6 Early Expansion ◦ Judaism – Little expansion mostly confined to Israel ◦ Christianity – by the end of the 4th century Christianity spread across the entire Roman Empire ◦ Islam – Within 12 years, entire Arabian peninsula; after 100 years stretched from Spain to Southeast Asia 7 Current Worldwide Followers TODAY ◦ Judaism – 14 million (ranks 12th) ◦ Christianity – 2 billion (ranks 1st) ◦ Islam – 1.3 billion (ranks 2nd) ◦ In the USA Judaism – 5.6 million Christianity – 159 million Islam – 1.1 million 8 Sacred Texts ◦ Judaism – Hebrew Bible ◦ Christianity – Old Testament and New Testament ◦ Islam – Qur’an (Koran) 9 All are monotheistic ◦ Judaism – One God ◦ Christianity – Trinity (God the father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit) ◦ Islam – One God 10 Divine Revelation How do we know about God? ◦ Judaism – through prophets recorded in the Hebrew Bible ◦ Christianity – through prophets and Jesus as recorded in the Old and New Testament ◦ Islam – through God’s final prophet Muhammad recorded in the Qur’an 11 Bell Ringer Get your notebook out and write TWO things EACH about the following about yesterday’s lesson: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Do NOT use your notes!! Keep your notebooks out in case we need them. This should only take 5 minutes at the most. Do it silently as I take role. 12 Means of Salvation ◦ Judaism – Belief in one God; good deeds ◦ Christianity – correct belief, good deeds; by faith accept Christ as Savior (Protestants) ◦ Islam – Belief in one God; good deeds and follow Five Pillars of Faith 13 Five Pillars of Islam A statement of faith- believing in Allah and Mohammed B. Prayer (five times a day in the direction of Mecca) C. Charity (giving to those in need) D. Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in your lifetime (called the Hajj) E. Fasting (during the month of Ramadan) A. Afterlife ◦ Judaism – eternal heaven, or no afterlife ◦ Christianity – eternal heaven ◦ Islam – eternal paradise (heaven) ◦ Judaism - eternal hell, or no afterlife ◦ Christianity – eternal hell ◦ Islam – eternal hell 15 Symbols ◦ Judaism – Star of David ◦ Christianity – cross ◦ Islam – crescent with name of Allah in Arabic 16 View of Fellow Abrahamic Religions ◦ Judaism – “Islam and Christianity are false interpretations and extensions of Judaism.” ◦ Christianity – “Judaism is a true religion, but with incomplete revelation. Islam is a false religion.” ◦ Islam – “Jews and Christians are respected as fellow believers, but with wrong beliefs and only partial revelation.” 17 Judaism The Western Wall The Star of David 18 St. Peter’s BasilicaVatican City, Rome Christianity Cross and Ichthus Advent- 4 weeks before Christmas 19 Islam The Dome of the Rock Mecca 20 21 22