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Conflict in the Middle East: Israel and Palestine KEY THEMES 1. Arab/Israeli conflict 2. Western intervention in the Middle East 3. Rise of Islamic terrorism 4. Oil and economic factors Background “Ownership” of the Holy Land changes hands frequently. Muslims under Muhammad capture the area in 630 The Crusades in 1100-1200 bring new Christian immigrants Ottoman Turks control from 1500’s-1900’s. British take control briefly after WWI Modern state of Israel created in 1947 after WWII Background • Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all claim that this land is the Holy Land • For several centuries the region has seen war and conflict over occupation of the Holy Land. ARAB/ISRAELI CONLFICT Rise of Nazism brings flood of new Jewish settlers to Palestine from Europe in 1930’s. UN votes to divide Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in 1947, giving the Jews 55% of the land west of the Jordan River and designating Jerusalem as an international area. Almost immediately, disputes begin ARAB/ISRAELI CONLFICT Israel was at war almost constantly during the 50’s-80’s with Egypt, Syria and Lebanon trying to take territory. Several terrorist organizations formed PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) Hamas (a Sunni Muslim resistance movement based in Palestinian territory) Hezbollah (a Shi’a Islamic resistance movement based in Lebanon) Terrorist Attacks in Israel ISRAEL RETALIATES Peace Accords Camp David 1979 Egypt recognizes Israel’s right to exist. Israel returns Sinai to Egypt. Oslo Accords 1993 Israel and the PLO accept each other’s right to exist. Allows for limited Palestinian self-rule in Gaza and the West Bank. ISRAEL/PALESTINE NOW Israel frequently uses military force to crack down on Palestinian rebels. The Israeli military is often accused of brutality which causes the Palestinians to retaliate. Israel maintains its right to defend itself. Israel is not recognized by many Muslims. Majority of Palestinians live in poverty. ISRAEL/PALESTINE NOW Israel’s solution to the Israeli/ Palestinian “problem”… BUILD A WALL. Recap What do the Israelis want? What do the Palestinians want? Is there any middle ground? Is there a solution to the problem?