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IRAN
INTRODUCTION
History
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
8 Year War
Living
Conditions
By: Negin Ahmadi
Iran
HISTORY
History
Geographical
Setting
IRAN
 Only Shia government in the world
Social
Institutions
 Capital city: Tehran
8 Year War
 Muhammad Reza: King of Iran from 1941-79
Living
Conditions
 1979: Shah leaves Iran
 Islamic republic in 1979
IRAN
HISTORY
History
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
8 Year War
Living
Conditions
 Ayatollah Khomeini returned from France
 Many people leave Iran
 December 2nd, 1979: Iran, an Islamic country
 July 27th, 1980 Shah died
 1980: Saddam Hussein attacks the Iranian cities
 American hostages released on January 1981
 July 1988 the Iraq/Iran war ended
 On June 4th,1989 Khomeini died
IRAN
GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING
History
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
8 Year War
Living
Conditions
A. Location
 In the Middle East
 Bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian
Gulf, and the Caspian Sea
B. Climate
 variable climate
 Northwest: cold winters and heavy snowfalls,
Spring and Fall weather is mild, while
summer is dry and hot
 South: Mild winter, very hot summer
IRAN
GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING
C. Topography
History
Geographical
Setting
 Consists of rugged, mountainous rims surrounding
high interior basins
 Center of Iran consists of closed basins called the
Central Plateau
Social
Institutions
 Eastern part of the plateau covered by salt-desserts:
Dashte kavir & Dashte Lut
8 Year War
 No major rivers in the country
Living
Conditions
D. Minerals and Resources
 Has one of the oldest oil industries in the Developing
Countries
 Second largest country in Natural Gas reserves
IRAN
GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING
History
E. Transportation
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
 Highways: 167,157 km
Air Service
8 Year War
 303 Airports with only
Living
Conditions
125 paved runways
IRAN
GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING
History
Geographical
Setting
F. Communication
 14,571,100 telephone lines (2003)
Social
Institutions
 Radio broadcasting stations: AM 72, & FM 5
Religion
 Internet Users: Only 4,3 Million (2003)
Living
Conditions
 Internet Hosts: 5, 269 (2004)
IRAN
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
History
Geographical
Setting
 Population: approximately 70 Million
people
Social
Institutions
 Average Life expectancy: 69,66 %
8 Year War
Living
Conditions
 Capital: Tehran
 Divided into 28 provinces
 Religion: 89% follows Shia Islam, 9%
Sunni Islam, other 2% are Jewish,
Christian and Other
IRAN
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
History
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
8 Year War
Living
Conditions
Political System
 Islamic Republic of Iran since 1979
 President: Muhammad Khatami
 Supreme Leader: Ali Khamenei
 Constitution revised in 1989 and eliminated
Prime Ministership
IRAN
Social Institutions
History
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
Monarch
 King of Iran from 1941-1979
 During WWII, Britain and USSR
 In 1941 the two countries
occupied large areas of Iran
8 Year War
 Forced Reza Shah Pahlavi to
abdicate
Living
Conditions
 Muhammad Reza Shah given the
thrown
Muhammad
Reza Shah &
his wife Farah
IRAN
SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
History
Geographic
al Setting
Social
Institutions
 Shah reviving the army
 In 1963: “White Revolution”
 In 1967: crowned himself as king of the kings
(Emperor of Iran) - & Farah Diba, as Shahbanoo
(Emperess)
 By mid-70’s had many enemies
8 Year War
 Created the “SAVAK”
Living
Conditions
 January 1979 Shah fled Iran
 The exiled cleric Ayatollah Khomeini back to Iran
IRAN
New Government
History
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
New Gov.
Living
Conditions
 Khomeini as Islamic leader from 1979-1989
 1962 he telegraphed Reza Shah & the prime
minister
 June 1963: Khomeini delivered a speech (warning
shah)
 Shah sent for Khomeini’s arrest
 Released after less than a month, but arrested
again later
 Sent to Turkey
IRAN
New Government
History
Geographical
Setting
 Left Turkey and lived in Iraq for 13 years
Social
Institutions
 Shah was overthrown by people
New Gov.
 “First day of God’s government”
Living
Conditions
 On October 3rd, 1978 he moved to Paris
 December 2nd, 1979: Islamic republic of Iran
IRAN
Iran/Iraq War
History
Geographical
Setting
 Lasted from 1980-1988
Social
Institutions
 Shatt al Arab
8 year war
 The 1847 treaty
Living
Conditions
 1975 treaty
IRAN
Iran/Iraq War
History
OTHER REASONS
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
8 year war
 Both countries, Muslim nations
 Sunni Iraqi leader vs.
Shii Iranians
 Saddam trying to establish
himself as leader of Arab world
Living
Conditions
 Iran as primary competition
for regional dominance.
IRAN
Iran/Iraq War
History
 Syria, Lybia, China, and North Korea as
Iran’s ally’s.
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
8 year war
Living
Conditions
 Israel supported Iran:
- Iraq viewed as a more
immediate danger.
- A large number of
Jews in Iran.
 United States’ concerns
IRAN
Iran/Iraq War
History
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
8 Year War
Living
Conditions
 The security of weaker nations in region at risk
 Economic security of western nations that depended
on Gulf oil at risk
 Reagan selling weapons to Iran
 Initial sales through Israel
 Using money to fund the Nicaraguan resistance in 1985
 War finally ended in 1989
 Iraq’s use of poison gas
IRAN
Living Condition
History
 Freedom of thought and expression
Geographical
Setting
Social
Institutions
8 Year War
Living
Condition
 Freedom of the press
 Release of political prisoners
 Khatami as “elected reformer”?
 Iranians rejecting tyranny and oppression
 2003 Nobel Peace Prize (Shirin Ebadi)