Download Chapter 5: Light in the Dark Ages

Chapter 5:
Light in the Dark Ages
THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
ANTICIPATORY SET
Review the section “Ulphilas: Apostle of the Goths” (p. 182).
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
BASIC QUESTIONS
 Who invaded the western half of the Roman Empire, and why?
 What was the impact of the fall of Rome on the faithful?
KEY IDEAS
 The western half of the Roman Empire fell as Germanic tribes
migrated into and invaded its territories.
 Cities were sacked and depopulated, and culture and economic progress
declined.
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What are the three themes of this chapter?
This chapter covers the repercussions of the fall of Rome, the rise and
importance of monasticism, and the rise of Islam.
Why is there no clear date for the fall of the western half of the Roman
Empire?
There was more of a gradual collapse than a dramatic, one-day fall. This
disintegration took place over the course of the fifth century.
What did the Romans and the barbarians have in common with respect
to human rights?
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Complete a Think/Pair/Share using the following question:
 What effect did the fall of Rome have on religious practice?
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What effect did the fall of Rome have on intellectual activity in the
West?
It brought about a collapse of intellectual activity in the West, illiteracy
becoming the norm. The study of classical literature and philosophy all
but ceased. The Church remained the only center of intellectual activity.
What effects did the fall of Rome have on economic activity and
demographics?
Economic activity fell drastically, crime increased, and the former citybased society became largely rural, centered on towns and villages.
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTION
What effect did the fall of Rome have on the Church’s
understanding of her relationship with the state?
Many Christians and emperors had thought that the destiny of the
Catholic Church was intertwined with that of the empire. The collapse of
Rome and the western half of that empire prompted Christians to
understand that the Church was not wedded to the empire and needed to
adapt to a dramatic cultural shift.
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Work with a partner to complete the following table on the barbarian
invasions of the fourth and fifth centuries (cf. p. 183).
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What were the two largest ethnic groups living in northern Europe?
The Celtic tribes were the largest; second were the various Germanic
tribes.
How did Celtic culture change because of contact with the Roman
Empire?
The Celts had been powerful warriors, but after Roman occupation they
settled into a peaceful, agrarian life.
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Why did the Romans sometimes invite barbarian tribes to settle
along the frontiers of the empire?
They allowed tribes to settle in exchange for conscripts for the Roman
armies and to increase the declining population of the Empire.
What was the Germanization of the Roman legions?
It refers to the process by which an increasing percentage of the soldiers
in the Roman military was comprised of people from Germanic tribes.
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What does the idea of “waves of invaders” mean with respect to the
Germanic tribes?
One conquering Germanic tribe would be conquered by another
Germanic tribe later.
Who were the Franks?
They were a Germanic people who settled in Gaul (modern-day France),
the ancestors of the modern French, and the first Germanic tribe to
convert to orthodox (as opposed to Arian) Christianity.
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Complete a Think/Pair/Share using the following question:
 To what extent had Christianity penetrated the mentality of the Germanic tribes
by the end of the fifth century?
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Read the Additional Resources on pages 182–183, and then discuss how
people might have felt about the invasions.
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Which was the most successful Germanic tribe?
The Vandals were most successful.
Who was the Apostle to the Goths?
Ulphilas, the Cappadocian who translated the Scriptures into Gothic,
enlightened the Goths.
What religion did the barbarian hordes profess?
To the extent they were not still pagan, most were Arian Christians.
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What is the origin of the Huns?
It is not known exactly, but they swept westward from Central Asia.
How did people in the Roman Empire perceive the Huns?
The Huns were terrifying. They slashed their faces, had squat bodies with
enormous arms and shoulders, seemed to live on their horses, and stank
from the rancid, raw meat they carried.
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What was the character of Attila the Hun, and why did he not
attack Rome?
Attila was a ruthless leader who was also tremendously brave in battle, a
skilled diplomat, and a keen military strategist. After Pope St. Leo the
Great went out to meet him, Attila withdrew from Italy. It is not known
why he did not sack Rome.
What did the Germanic invasions reveal to the Church about her
universality?
An increasing number of Christians realized that the Church is intended
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
How was the Germanic character different from the Greco-Roman
character?
The Germanic peoples were less philosophically and theologically
inclined, and they placed less emphasis on order, culture, organization,
and law.
To evangelize the Germanic peoples, what was the Church willing
to do? What was she unwilling to do?
The Church was willing to discard Roman culture without changing the
doctrines of the Faith; she was unwilling the change the Deposit of Faith
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Brainstorm reactions that Italian Christians of the fifth century might
have had toward the invasions (cf. p. 186).
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
CLOSURE
Free write for five minutes in response to the following prompt:
 Apply the words of Jesus Christ to St. Peter to this period of the Church’s history:
“You are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the powers of death shall
not prevail against it” (Mt 16:18).
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT




Study Questions 1–4 (p. 210)
Practical Exercise 1 (p. 211)
Workbook Questions 1–28
Read “The Rise of Monasticism” through “Monasticism and the
Emergence of a New Christian Culture” (pp. 187–191)
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178–186)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
Free write for five minutes in response to the following prompt:
 Imagine you are a Christian living in a city in the western half of the Roman
Empire and have just heard a barbarian army is approaching your town. Write a
diary entry about how you feel and what you imagine is about to happen.
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
ANTICIPATORY SET
Discuss the relationship between the following triads:
 Sex, money, and power
 Chastity, poverty, and obedience
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
BASIC QUESTION
 What were the causes and effects of monasticism?
KEY IDEA
 Monasticism arose out of a desire to leave civilization and devote
oneself entirely to prayer and asceticism in imitation of Christ.
Monastics gave new life to the Faith, brought civilization to the rural
areas, preserved classical learning, and evangelized the Germanic
peoples.
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What is monasticism?
It is a way of life in which a person leaves the everyday world to live a life
of self-denial and prayer in order to devote his or her whole life to God.
How is Christian monasticism unique?
Though monasticism is practiced by many of the world’s religions,
Christian monasticism is unique because its aim is the imitation of Christ.
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What are the two chief types of monasticism?
In eremitical monasticism, a person lives alone as a hermit. In cenobitical
monasticism, a person lives with others in a community.
Who founded eremitical monasticism?
Eremitical monasticism was founded in Egypt by Sts. Anthony the Great
and Paul of Thebes.
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Who founded cenobitical monasticism?
St. Pachomius, an Egyptian hermit, began cenobitical monasticism
(against his will) after people kept flocking to him.
Who wrote the rules for early monasticism?
St. Athanasius’ biography of St. Anthony the Great became a handbook
for eremitical monastics. St. Pachomius wrote a rule for those who joined
him in cenobitical monasticism.
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Work with a partner to complete the following table about the earliest
monks (cf. p. 189).
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Work with a partner to complete the following table about the effects of
monasticism on European culture.
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
CLOSURE
Free write for five minutes in response to the following question:
 How would you respond to someone who claims the Church is an enemy of
learning?
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
 Study Questions 5–8 (p. 210)
 Workbook Questions 29–34
 Read “St. Benedict: The ‘Patriarch of Western Monasticism’”
through “Gregorian Chant: The Development of Musical Notation”
(pages 191–196)
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187–191)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
Write a one-paragraph essay about the major effects of monasticism on
Europe (cf. Graphic Organizer, p. 190).
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
ANTICIPATORY SET
Listen to a sample of Gregorian Chant.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
BASIC QUESTION
 What contributions did St. Benedict and his Rule and Pope St. Gregory
the Great make to the preservation and spread of Christianity?
KEY IDEA
 St. Benedict’s Rule became the basis of Western monasticism. Pope
St. Gregory the Great was a great spiritual leader who served as a
temporal ruler as well.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What is the Rule of St. Benedict?
It is a practical guide to monastic life that his monks were to follow.
How was the Rule of St. Benedict a departure from the practices of
Eastern monastics?
St. Benedict’s Rule is moderate compared to the severe asceticism of the
Eastern tradition.
How important was the Rule to the future of monasticism in the West?
The Rule was adopted by all but a few monastic communities in the West that
were established during the Medieval period, and it is still in use in the
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Work with a partner to prepare and present a brief oral report using the
following guidelines.
 Paraphrase a short excerpt from the Rule of St. Benedict.
 Interpret how this passage might relate to the life of a monk.
 Do you think you could live under this rule? Why or why not?
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Work with a partner to complete the following table on several Latinlanguage terms used by Benedictines (cf. p. 189).
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What is the chief aim of a monk who follows the Rule?
The chief aim is to give praise and glory to God.
What was the relationship between Sts. Benedict and Scholastica?
They were twins.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
FOCUS QUESTION
What is a religious vow, and what vows do Benedictine monks take?
A vow is a solemn promise made voluntarily to God and witnessed by
another person. Benedictine monks take lifelong vows of stability,
conversion of morals, and obedience. Extension: A vow might be to
practice a virtue or perform a specific deed in order to accomplish a
future good.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Read the excerpt from the Rule of St. Benedict on page 207, and then
discuss the Benedictine practice of poverty.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
FOCUS QUESTION
How did St. Gregory’s spend his life before he became a monk?
St. Gregory was born into an important, noble family, and he held
important civil offices in Rome. After his father died, he sold everything
he had and used the money to found seven monasteries and help the
poor.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
How was St. Gregory the Great’s life as a monk before he became
Pope?
Pope Pelagius II did not allow St. Gregory to remain a simple monk for
long and appointed him one of the seven deacons of Rome and then as
nuncio to the court of the emperor.
How was St. Gregory elected Pope, and what was his reaction to
this election?
After Pope Pelagius II had died, St. Gregory was universally acclaimed the
new Pope by the people of Rome. Initially, St. Gregory refused this
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Complete a Think/Pair/Share using the following question:
 What is the significance of St. Gregory the Great’s use of the title Servus
Servorum Dei for himself and his refusal to acknowledge the title “Ecumenical
Patriarch” for the Patriarch of Constantinople?
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Read silently the excerpt from The Book of Pastoral Rule (p. 207), and then
discuss St. Gregory the Great’s spiritual state when he was elected Pope
and why he decided to accept the election.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Why is Pope St. Gregory I called “the Great”?
He received this title because of missionary successes and his care for the
poor.
What threat did Rome face from the Lombards, and how did St.
Gregory avert it?
The Lombards threatened to invade. St. Gregory minimized the Lombard
threat by negotiating a peace. He influenced a Catholic to marry the
Lombard king, which resulted in Catholic children and the eventual
conversion of the Lombard people to Christianity.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
FOCUS QUESTION
What do St. Gregory’s actions with the Lombards reveal about the
relationship between the Church and state at that time?
Relations were strained. The emperor’s exarch in Italy did nothing to help
when Rome was under threat, so the Pope acted as the spiritual and
temporal ruler of Rome. As a result, the Pope and emperor increasingly
viewed each other as competitors.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Discuss leadership using the following questions:
 What concept of leadership is portrayed by the title Servus Servorum Dei?
 How is St. Gregory the Great’s concept different from the traditional concept of
leadership, for example, that practiced by the pagan Roman emperors?
 How is St. Gregory the Great’s concept especially appropriate for anyone in the
Church who exercises leadership?
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
FOCUS QUESTION
Whence did musical notation originate?
It was invented by monks to catalog chant melodies. The eventual fourline staff, still used for Gregorian Chant in the modern era, was invented
by Guido d’Arezzo.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
When was Gregorian Chant revived?
Having fallen out of favor beginning in the eighteenth century, it was
revived in the latter half of the nineteenth century by Benedictine monks.
What place does Gregorian chant play in modern-day liturgical
worship?
According to the Council Fathers of the Second Vatican Ecumenical
Council, “Gregorian chant is specially suited to the Roman liturgy… [and]
should be given pride of place.”
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
CLOSURE
Free write for two minutes about St. Benedict’s contribution to the
survival of the Church and two minutes about St. Gregory the Great’s
accomplishments as Pope.
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT




Study Questions 9–14 (p. 210)
Practical Exercise 6 (p. 211)
Workbook Questions 35–53
Read “The Rise of Islam” through “The Moral Code of Islam”
(pp. 197–202)
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued)
(pp. 191–196)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting eremitical with cenobitical
monasticism.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
ANTICIPATORY SET
Read silently the two quotes from the Koran on page 197, and then discuss
the following question:
 At first glance, would Christians and Jews agree with this passage?
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
BASIC QUESTION
 What is the origin of Islam, and what are its chief doctrines?
KEY IDEA
 Muhammad founded a new, monotheistic religion based loosely on
Judaism and Christianity.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
Why are the rise and basic beliefs of Islam important to the study of the history of
the Catholic Church?
Islam is a monotheistic religion whose history is linked with the Arab, Asiatic,
African, and European peoples, and many wars were fought between Christians and
Muslims.
What is the Kaaba, and what is its importance to Muslims?
The Kaaba is a large, black stone in Mecca where Abraham is said to have worshiped
God. Muslims consider it an axus mundi (“turning-point of the world”), a connection
between Heaven and earth, and hence the focal point of prayers in a Muslim’s life.
What happened to Muhammad that changed his life?
After having retired to a cave, Muhammad announced that he had received a vision
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What is the Koran?
According to Muhammad, the Koran is a dictation of the words of the
Archangel Gabriel.
Was Muhammad certain that he was a prophet?
No; Muhammad questioned if he suffered from delusions.
Why is it important the Koran be read in Arabic?
Muslims believe it was dictated in Arabic, so those words are the actual words
of God.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What does the word Islam mean?
It means “submission” and refers to submission to the will of God.
According to Muslims, what did Muhammad do for the world?
He was God’s last prophet who brought the perfect religion to the world.
How do Muslims reinterpret the Old and New Testaments?
The Koran borrows from them and views Jesus as a prophet. However, it
teaches that Jews and Christians have completely misinterpreted the Scriptures.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What did Muhammad claim is the failure of Christianity?
He taught that Christians misinterpreted God’s intentions as
communicated through Jesus the prophet.
What central mysteries of the Christian Faith are denied by
Muslims?
The Incarnation, redemption, the atonement, the Resurrection, and the
Blessed Trinity are denied.
What is the jizya?
It is a tax Jews and Christians have to pay to practice their religion in a
Muslim state.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
FOCUS QUESTION
How were Muhammad’s early relations with Jews?
When Muhammad arrived in Medina, he wanted the 500 or so Jews living
there to recognize him as a prophet, but they refused, claiming the line of
prophets had ended 1000 years earlier. Later, Jews in Mecca evidently
supported the pagan Meccans against Muhammad’s army, so Muhammad
had Jewish men slaughtered and sold Jewish women and children into
slavery.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
In what direction did Muslims originally pray, and to what was this
changed?
Muslims originally prayed toward Jerusalem, but Muhammad later
changed the direction to the Kaaba in Mecca.
What are the five pillars of Islam?
They are the required practices for all Muslims: the Profession of the
Shahada, prayer, the Hajj, Ramadan, and Zakah.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What are the core beliefs of Islam?
They are monotheism, the immortality of the soul, the resurrection of the body,
justice to the poor, judgment, and a sensual paradise in the next life for the saved.
What is the hejira?
It is the “flight” of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina because he was being
persecuted by pagan rulers. It marks year one on the Muslim calendar (AH; “after the
hejira”).
What is the relationship between throne and altar in Islam?
There is a unity between temporal and spiritual authority. As head of the military in
Medina, Muhammad expanded the religion.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What is the diet of a Muslim?
Islam borrowed some prohibitions from Judaism; Muslims are not to eat
pork or drink alcohol.
What do Muslims teach about fidelity within marriage?
Adultery is forbidden, though a man may have up to four wives.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
FOCUS QUESTION
What is the chief difference between Christian and Muslim art?
Muslims consider any depictions of the image of God or the human
person to be a form of idolatry and thus prohibit them. Islamic cultures
have developed intricate geometric shapes, stylized writing, and
architecture as art forms. Christians, on the other hand, celebrate the
depiction of human beings and God since human beings are made in the
image of God and God became man, thereby giving an image of himself.
Christian cultures have excelled in every art form.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Complete the following table on the five pillars of Islam.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Search the Internet for Islamic art and Islamic architecture to view some
examples of Muslims’ creative achievements.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT




Study Questions 15–18 (p. 210)
Practical Exercise 3 (p. 211)
Workbook Questions 54–79
Read “Jihad” through “Conclusion” (pp. 202–206)
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
CLOSURE
Free write for five minutes in response to the Key Idea for this lesson:
 Muhammad founded a new, monotheistic religion based loosely on Judaism and
Christianity.
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197–202)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
Use the completed Graphic Organizer on page 201 to write a paragraph
summarizing the five pillars of Islam.
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
ANTICIPATORY SET
Discuss the following question:
 Imagine you had founded a new religion, believed God wanted everyone to accept it,
and persuaded everyone in your town to believe in it. What are some ways you could
further expand your religion?
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
BASIC QUESTIONS
 What is jihad? How did Islam threaten Christianity?
KEY IDEA
 The concept of jihad, coupled with military might, caused Islam to
spread rapidly, and Muslims conquered much Christian territory,
threatening Europe.
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
FOCUS QUESTION
What is jihad?
It is a Muslim holy war waged in the name of Allah against infidels.
Muslims believe those who die fighting in a jihad will go straight to
paradise where they will be met by virgins. Muhammad used jihad to
defeat his foes in Mecca.
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
How did Islam spread throughout the ancient world?
With an obligation to seek converts and wage jihad to destroy
unbelievers—aided by a superb military—Islam quickly spread from India
throughout the Middle East and North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula.
What effect did the spread of Islam have on Christian North Africa?
The Muslim conquest of North Africa effectively ended 600 years of
vibrant Christianity.
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What split did Islam undergo after the death of Muhammad?
Islam split into the Shiites, the party of Ali, and the Sunni, the party of
the tradition.
What are the main characteristics of Sunni Muslims?
The Sunni, who constitute about 85% of all Muslims, accept the order of
succession of the first four caliphs (successors) of Muhammad. They
adhere to the doctrines and practices based on the traditions of
Muhammad as interpreted by Muslim scholars.
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
FOCUS QUESTION
What are the main characteristics of Shiite Muslims?
The Shiites believe the chosen successor of Muhammad was his son-inlaw and cousin, Ali. They believe the imam, the successor of Ali, is a
spiritual and temporal leader, divinely appointed to judge humans. They
are also mystical, emphasizing suffering, martyrdom, veneration of Ali,
and praying at the tombs of Muslim prophets.
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Search the Internet for information about the Battle of Badr. Discuss to
synthesize what you have learned.
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
FOCUS QUESTION
In what two European locations was the spread of Islam halted?
In the East Emperor Leo III defeated Muslims AD 717 and 740
attempting to take Constantinople. In the West after Spain had fallen,
Charles Martel stopped the further spread of Islam into Europe at the
Battle of Tours AD 732.
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
FOCUS QUESTIONS
What likely would have happened had Europeans lost the battles in
the previous question?
Muslims most likely would have conquered all of Europe, invading from
the east and the south.
What did Muslims do when they had gained control of Jerusalem?
They sacked Jerusalem AD 638, cleared the Temple Mount, and built a
mosque (the Dome of the Rock) on the site of the Jewish Temple.
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
GUIDED EXERCISE
Complete a Think/Pair/Share using the following question:
 How might the Jews have felt about the Dome of the Rock?
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
 Study Questions 19–22 (p. 210)
 Practical Exercises 2, 4–5 (p. 211)
 Workbook Questions 80–90
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
CLOSURE
Review the criteria for a just war (p. 76), and then discuss the following
questions:
 Were the Christians justified in fighting the Muslims?
 Is the Muslim method to spread religion by the sword justified by the just war
theory?
5. The Rise of Islam (continued)
(pp. 202–206)
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
Update your timeline with important events from this chapter.
THE END