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Chap 15 Day 3 East Asia Conflicts with Chinese Culture • Buddhism: – Text-based (Buddhist teachings) • Emphasis on Metaphysics • Ascetic ideal – Celibacy – isolation • Confucianism: – Text-based (Confucian teachings) – Daoism not textbased • Emphasis on ethics, politics • Family-centered – Procreation – Filial piety Chan (Zen) Buddhism • Buddhists adapt ideology to Chinese climate – Dharma translated as dao – Nirvana translated as wuwei • Accommodated family lifestyle – “one son in monastery for ten generations of salvation” • Limited emphasis on textual study, meditation instead Persecution of Buddhists • Daoist/Confucian persecution supported in late Tang dynasty • 840s begins systematic closure of Buddhist temples, expulsions – Zoroastrians, Christians, Manicheans as well • Economic motive: seizure of large monastic landholdings Neo-Confucianism • Song dynasty refrains from persecuting Buddhists, but favors Confucians • Neo-Confucians influenced by Buddhist thought • But more rational ethics system China and Korea • Silla Dynasty: Tang armies withdraw, Korea recognizes Tang as emperor • Technically a vassal state, but highly independent • Chinese influence on Korean culture pervasive- How? China and Vietnam • Vietnamese adaptation to Chinese culture, technology • But ongoing resentment at political domination • Assert independence when Tang dynasty falls in 10th century China and Early Japan • Chinese armies never invade Japan • Yet Chinese culture pervasive • Imitation of Tang administration – Establishment of new capital at Nara, hence “Nara Japan” (710-794 CE) • Adoption of Confucian, Buddhist teachings • Yet retention of Shinto religion Heian Japan (794-1185 CE) • Japanese emperor • Influence of Chinese moves court to Heian kanji characters (Kyoto) – Classic curriculum dominated by Chinese • Yet emperor figurehead, real power in hands of Fujiwara clan – Pattern in Japanese history: weak emperor, power behind the throne – Helps explain longevity of the institution- WHY? Institution of the Shogun Civil war between Taira and Minamoto clans in 12th century • Minamoto leader named shogun, 1185 CE • Ruled from Kamakura, allowed imperial throne to continue in Kyoto Medieval Japan • Kamakura (11851333 CE) and Muromachi (13361573 CE) periods • Decentralized power in hands of warlords • Military authority in hands of samurai • Professional warriors Summary • What was the extent and nature of the influence of China on Korea, Vietnam, and Japan?
