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Buddhism Key Elements and Beliefs Part 1 Buddhism –Hindu Origins! Accepts Reincarnation Samsara Karma Dharma Nirvana Pali Rejects Caste system (Brahmins) Ritual (offerings / Chants) Gods Creation myths (futile) Attainment of nirvana only after thousands of lifetimes – making moksha impossible to most Hindus Sanskrit Buddhism throughout the World 200 million to 600 million + adherents predominant faith in Burma, Ceylon, Thailand and IndoChina. followers also in China, Korea, Mongolia and Japan. 10, 000 + Buddhists in Canada 2 principal schools are Mahayana and Theravada (or Hinayana) Buddhism Buddhism v. Other Great Religions Insights of a man revelation from the divine Wisdom Faith Direct inward observation of the human condition Sacrificial rituals designed to offer devotion to the gods Buddhism view of Women more equal in stance compared to Hinduism women may endure more “suffering” (ie. childbirth) Buddha allowed either men or women from any caste to become monks or nuns and join the Sangha (brotherhood) The Buddha’s Buddhism Emphasis on “things to do” rather than “things to believe” People are responsible for seeking their own spiritual fulfillment rather than being dictated to by a priest Ritual is insignificant – Buddhism is to be free of meaningless rituals which usually involve paying a priest to perform Avoid speculative questions (creation, Supreme power, afterlife) since there was little possibility of definitive answers = instead spend time attempting to deal with the harsh realities presented by life here and now Practical and free of mystical obsessions - questions about cosmology (creation / heaven) cannot be answer – therefore pointless The Buddha’s Buddhism continued 4. 5. 6. Pali – language commonly used - accessible to all Through self-effort, enlightenment could be achieved in 1 lifetime – regardless of one’s position in society Gender is part of the illusion – Buddha’s Buddhism acknowledges equality between men and women and children The Buddha - Enlightenment NIRVANA state of supreme realization and enlightenment understand truth of life and freedom from ignorance state of total liberation, truth, tranquility, peace Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Dharma – Sermon in the Deer Park Sermon in the Deer Park Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Dharma The Middle Way The 4 Noble Truths The Noble Eight-fold Path The 3 Marks of Existence The 3 Refuges / Jewels The 5 Precepts Buddhism - The Middle Way Buddhism – the 4 Noble Truths Diagnose of the disease all life consists of suffering (dukkha) 1. Suffering 4. Path to the Extinction of Suffering The 4 Noble Truths Determination of cause of the disease 2. Origin of Suffering root of suffering is desire (tanha) to overcome desire, one must follow the Middle Way and 3. Extinction of Suffering 8 fold Path way to end suffering is by overcoming Prognosis of the disease desire Prescription Fundamental Ethics of Buddhism is the Eightfold Path. Buddhist scriptures are filled with stories illustrating compassion, Charity and non-violence 3 Marks of Existence All things outside of nirvana have 3 fundamental characteristics 1. 2. Anicca (impermanence) Dukkha (dissatisfaction) 3. Experience of suffering (continuous happiness only lasts for a limited amount of time) Anatta (no-self) Cannot point to any one thing in ourselves and say it is the self All the parts make the person (arms / leg / eye / mood / state of mind No permanent independent self, only changing parts we that we designate as the self The I, me, my, does not exist 3 Refuges / 3 Jewels I take refuge in the Buddha I take refuge in the Dharma I take refuge in the Sangha The 5 Precepts – Rules followed by all Buddhists (monk and laypersons) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Abstain for killing or harming living beings (ahimsa) Abstain from stealing Abstain from improper sexual conduct Abstain from false speech (telling lies, setting people against each other, gossiping) Abstain from taking alcohol and harmful drugs Additional precepts (monks) 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Abstain from eating after noon Abstain from looking a dancing, singing, or drama Abstain fro the use of perfumes and things that tend to beautify and adorn a person Abstain from using comfortable beds Abstain from accepting gold or silver