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Imperial China Dynastic Rule Sui (AD 589-618) How did it rise to power? How did it govern China? Buddhism, Confucianism & Daoism How did it affect daily life in China? Harsh rule Forced many peasants to fight in army or work on public works projects What belief systems did it encourage? Discourage? Yang Jian conquered Chen kingdom & unified China Promoted trade via Yellow & Yangzi rivers Rebuilt Great Wall for security How helped unite China: Extensive public works projects Extended military control Tang (618-907) How did it rise to power? How did it govern China? Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism flourished – though Buddhism at times repressed How did it affect daily life in China? Government departments What belief systems did it encourage? Discourage? Captured key cities of Changan & Luoyang Limited power or rural aristocracy Scholar class became new ruling elite Land reform gave peasants chance for wealth How helped unite China: Emperors controlled army Land reform helped both government and commoners Song (960-1279) How did it rise to power? How did it govern China? Buddhism became popular How did it affect daily life in China? Northern borders under foreign rule Government officials came from southern China Government officials selected based on score of civil-service exam What belief systems did it encourage? Discourage? After 50 years of civil war Power of merchant class rose Cambodian strain of rice allowed farmers to double output Technology advanced How helped unite China: Moved center of culture south Created merit system to make government efficient and reliable Yuan (1260-1368) How did it rise to power? Founded by Kublai Khan – grandson of Genghis Only foreign rule dynasty How did it govern China? Civil-service maintained & staffed by Turks & Persians Strict social class system: Khan – Shamanism – Chinese belief systems largely unaffected Buddhist monasteries increased How did it affect daily life in China? 2nd: non-Chinese civil servants 4th: Southern Chinese What belief systems did it encourage? Discourage? 1st: tax free Mongols 3rd: Northern Chinese Destruction of farmland from bloody wars Eventually, roads & canals deteriorated How helped unite China: Retained civil-service, but staffed with foreigners Allowed beliefs to co-exist with Mongol shamanism Ming (1368-1644) How did it rise to power? How did it govern China? Confucianism Many combine Daoism, Confucianism & Buddhism How did it affect daily life in China? Reintroduced civil-service exam Emperors very powerful Some over-seas exploration – but foreign trade prohibited What belief systems did it encourage? Discourage? Rebelled against Mongols Rebuilt & repaired Heavy taxes & careless government produced peasant rebellion & civil war How helped unite China: Secured borders to prevent foreign invasion Rebuilt & repaired bridges, canals, roads, temples & shrines