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Memory
Three Kinds of Memory
• Episodic
– Specific event
– flashbulb
• Semantic
• Explicit
• Implicit
Three Processes of Memory
• Encoding
– Visual
– Acoustic
– Semantic
• Storage
– Maintenance Rehearsal
– Elaborative Rehearsal
– Organizational Systems
• Retrieval
– Context dependent memory
– State dependent memory
– On the tip of your tongue
Three Stages of Memory
• Sensory
• Short term memory
• Long term memory
Sensory Memory
• Iconic
• Eidetic imagery
• Echoic memory
Short-Term Memory
Short-term Memorymemory system that
retains information
for a few seconds to
a few minutes.
Long-term Memory
• Long-term Memorymemory system that
retains information
for hours, days,
weeks, months or
decades
Transition from STM to LTM
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Primacy Effect
Recency effect
Chunking
interference
ABCCBSAAAMTVUSANBCCNN
ABC CBS AAA MTV USA NBC CNN
View of Memory
• As reconstruction
• Schemas
Capacity and Limits to your
memory
• How much can it hold?
• How long do we remember it?
Basic Memory Tasks
• Recognition
• Recall
• relearning
Forgetting
• Why do we forget?
• Decay
• Repression
Amnesia
Amnesia- the blocking of
older memories and the
loss of new ones
-Getting hit on the head
-Electric Shock
- Major Trauma
Explaining Amnesia
Explanations for Amnesia1. Hit on the head could
temporarily stop blood
flow
2. Hit on the head could
mix up brain’s electrical
charges
Types of Amnesia
• Amnesia
– Retrograde
– Anterograde
• transient global amnesia
– Infantile
Improving Memory
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Drill and Practice
Relate to existing Knowledge
Form Unusual associations
Mnemonic devices