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Download Fresh Water Notes Chapter 12
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Fresh Water Notes Chapter 12 Water Cycle • Water Cycle is a continuous moving of water from Earth’s surface to the atmosphere and back. Water Cycle Parts • There are 3 Major Parts –Evaporation: liquid water changes to a gas water vapor Water Cycle Parts –Condensation: water vapor cools and “clumps” around dust particles forms a cloud Water Cycle Parts –Precipitation: Water vapor condenses and droplets get heavier • Examples –Rain –Snow –Sleet –Hail Precipitation •Returns to earth and… –Soaks into the soil groundwater –Runs off the land back to the ocean Run Off Distribution of Earth’s Water • 97% salt water Salt Water Locations • Location of Salt Water –Oceans Saltwater: Oceans •Pacific –Largest –Deepest Saltwater: Oceans •Atlantic –2nd largest Saltwater: Oceans •Indian –Smallest liquid ocean –Deeper than Atlantic Saltwater: Oceans • Arctic –Smallest –mostly frozen Freshwater Location • 3% fresh water – about ¾ of fresh water is frozen – about ¼ of fresh water is underground – A tiny portion is in lakes and rivers – A tiny portion is in water vapor in atmosphere Freshwater Location • Location of Fresh water –Ice •Locked in sheets at the poles Freshwater Location –Rivers and Lakes •Important source of fresh water for communities •Very small amount of the worlds water Freshwater Location –Groundwater • More water is stored underground than in all of Earth’s rivers and lakes. Surface Water • Fresh water is found here River Systems • Rivers start in the mountains as run off from melting snow Parts of A River System –Tributaries: streams & smaller rivers that feed into main river Parts of A River System –Water Shed: land & area that supplies water to a river system We live in the Mississippi River water shed Parts of A River System –Divide: Land ridge that separates one water shed from another •The continental divide is the longest divide in North America Ponds • Characteristics of Ponds –Contain standing water (not moving) –Shallow •Sunlight reaches the bottom Pond Formation • Ponds form in different ways –Rainfall –Melting snow and ice –Run off –Rivers –Ground water Ponds are Habitats • Ponds are habitats for many animals –Habitat: the place an organism lives and gets what it needs to survive Lakes • Characteristics of a lake –Deeper and bigger than ponds –Sunlight does not reach the bottom • No plants live on the bottom –Bottom is sand, pebble or rock Formation of Lakes • Formed in several ways –Ice sheets melting (Glaciers) • Ex. Great Lakes Formation of Lakes –Movement of Earth’s crust •Ex. Lake Victoria in Africa Formation of Lakes –Volcanoes •From lava flow •Empty volcano craters Formation of Lakes –Reservoir- a lake that stores water for human use Wetlands • A land area that is covered with water during part or all of the year Types of Wetlands • Three common types –Marshes- grassy areas covered by shallow water or a stream Types of Wetlands –Swamp- look like flooded forests Type of Wetlands –Bogs- in cool areas Wetlands • Everglades: Marshes in Florida Importance of Wetlands • Importance of wetlands –Habitats to many species –Natural water filters –Flood controls Water Underground • How water moves underground • Trickles down between particles of soil and through cracks and spaces in layers of rock Groundwater Movement • Different types of rock and soil effects how water moves –Large pore size water moves easily downward •Permeable: water can pass through Groundwater Movement –Small pores- or no connected pores •Impermeable: water cannot pass through Water Zones –Saturated Zone •Totally filled –water table: top of the saturated zone Water Zones –Unsaturated Zone •Pores have some moisture but also some air •Not Filled Bringing Up Ground Water • Springs: groundwater bubbles or flows out cracks in the rocks –Can be hot or cold Bringing up Groundwater • Aquifers: any underground layer of rock or sediment that holds H2O Bringing Up Groundwater • Wells –Location: below the water table •can be effected by drought (no rain) Bringing Up Groundwater –Pumps •Mechanical •Overuse –Pump can become dry Bringing Up Groundwater • Artesian Well: water rises because of the pressure within the aquifer –No pump necessary –Water spurts out Bringing Up Groundwater • Geyser: fountain of boiling water and white steam bursts into air –Periodically erupts (on a regular schedule) •Heated by magma –Ex. Old Faithful
