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Geology Vocabulary A crack in the Earth’s crust along which the blocks of rock on either side have been pushed together or moved apart; they are created by pressure on Earth’s plates as they move Fault the name scientists have given to the super-continent that once contained all the major continents in the world about 248 million years ago Pangaea The outer portion of Earth Crust A movement of Earth’s crust Earthquake Temporarily inactive Dormant Earth’s innermost layer, which is composed mainly of iron and nickel and is separated into different zones, the outer core and the inner core Core molten rock found UNDER Earth’s surface Magma the layer of Earth found between the crust and the core Mantle A hot spring that occasionally releases water and steam into the air Geyser Groundwater that comes to the surface when it is heated by geothermal energy Hot spring molten rock moved to Earth’s surface by a volcano Lava A volcano that was once active but has stopped erupting and will never erupt again; these volcanoes are often eroded at the surface. Extinct Volcano rigid layers of Earth’s crust, including the continental and oceanic crusts that drift slowly atop the mantle Tectonic Plates the movement and reformation of continents due to the shifting of the ocean’s crust and the mantle underneath Plate Tectonics a seismic sea wave that is caused by an earthquake, landslide, or volcanic activity that occurs under the ocean Tsunami a numerical scale that measures the magnitude of an earthquake Richter scale an opening in the crust of Earth that ejects lava, gases, and ash Volcano A machine that detects and records the intensity of ground movements such as earthquakes Seismograph