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PS 3-13
Thursday –Friday volcano
information
Old assigned homework
• Questions on pg 717 2,3,7
• Hand in movie handout
For periods 1 and 3
Movie clip
What are the researchers using to help predict
eruptions of the volcano on the island?
Take note of the pyroclastic flows shown in the
movie. Why do they move fastest when
moving down the side of the mountain?
Finish notes
Any information not previously covered
Parts of a volcano
• Vent – opening where molten rock is pushed out to the surface of
earth
• Magma Chamber - Chamber below volcano, holds the molten rock
used in eruption
• Cone – mound created from solid material released from previous
eruption
• Crater – hole (depression) at the top of volcano created by volcanic
explosion
• Caldera – depression left on top of the volcano created by the
collapse of the magma chamber
What are the differences and
similarities between:
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Fumaroles
Geysers
Hot Springs
Mud-pots
Fumaroles
Fumarole
An opening in the earth that emit gases
May be found some distance from the from
the main vent
Gases are heated by the volcanic sources,
travel through cracks and fractures to
surface
Hot Springs
Hot Springs
• Openings that are filled with water that is
heated by nearby volcanic activity
• The water may range from mild to
scalding, and include both helpful and
toxic minerals
Geyser
Geysers
A hot spring with specific ideal physical
arrangement that allows it to periodically
erupt
No convection, cold water cap over
volcanically heated water
Mud Pots
Mud Pots
• Similar to a hot spring
• Form in places where water is scarce
• Mixture of a little water and volcanic ash
Where are volcanoes found in
the world?
Convergent
Divergent
Other
One other place of volcano
formation
• Hot Spots
• Created because a narrow stream of hot mantle
raises up from the core-mantle boundary
• Long lasting point of heat, stationary with
respect to the plates
• If formed under ocean crust, creates an island
arc
Places where there might be a hot
spot
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Hawaii
Yellowstone
Iceland
Tahiti
• Up to 50 places in the world
Types of lava
AaPahoehoePillow lava-
Difference is based location and composition
Homework
• New Handout (Section 7.1-7.2)
• Section 7.1
– All Questions except 4
Section 7.2
questions 1-6 and 10
Where do quiet volcanoes form?
• Connected to hot
spots
• Subduction
boundaries related
ocean to ocean
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Galapagos Islands
Hawaiian islands
Easter Islands
Canary Islands
Do volcanoes only exist on earth?
• What is needed to produce a volcano?
• How would the eruption of a volcano on a
small moon differ from the earth’s
eruptions?
Oympus Mons
Facts about Olympus
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Largest volcano in the solar system
Not active
370 miles wide, 16 miles high
Cliffs rim the edge up to 3 miles high
• Generated by a hot spot
Why is this volcano so much larger
than others?
• Gravity (or lack of it)
• Plate Tectonics (or lack of it)
Io
Io is a moon about Jupiter
• Most volcanically
active spot in the
solar system
• Little gravitational pull
and no atmosphere
allow plumes to rise
great distances
Where do Composite volcanoes
form?
• Formed at Subduction
zones between
continental and
oceanic plates
Where do cinder volcanoes form?
• Small 10-100’s m
high
• Found on flanks of
other types of volcano
• Not as much volcanic
material-secondary
vents
What is used to predict the future
eruption of a volcano?
• Earthquake activity
• Change in chemical composition of the
gases released by the volcano
• Change in the shape of the lava dome
• Change in volcanic activity of mountain
Review/Learn
Parts of volcano
Types of volcano
Hazards of volcano eruption
Benefits of volcanoes
Specific volcanoes
Signs of future eruptions