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Venus Earth’s “sister planet” Venus: Second closest planet and the 6th largest (12,103 km) Avg. Dist. from sun: .72 AU (108,200,000km) nearly perfectly circular Orbit Period : 225 ED Rotaion Period: 243 ED RETROGRADE!!!!!! Mass: 4.869 x 1024 kg Known since prehistoric times. Also known as the morning and evening stars In Greek mythology, Venus was the goddess of love and beauty. This was most likely due to Venus being the brightest object (other than the sun and the moon) in the sky. Core Mantle Crust Venus has been visited by 20+ spacecraft! Some the most important are: Mariner 2(the first in 1962), PioneerVenus, Venera 7(the first craft to land on another planet), Vanera 9(first to send back photos of the surface), Magellan(produced detailed maps) Venus has a VERY DENSE atmosphere! Pictures are difficult to get (without special equipment) It is actually 90 times that of the E…..if you could land there, it would be like being nearly a mile under water! Once you land, you’re looking at a deadly atmosphere….the pressure + nearly nothing but CO2, except for the sulfuric acid clouds. Dense atmosphere AND strong winds (350 kph) The atmosphere acts like a green house, holding in the heat received from the sun. This makes it a HOT planet…..127 C to 470 C (that’s hot enough to melt lead) Sometimes called earth’s sister planet due to its similar size, density, composition and the overall lack of craters. EARTH? NO WAY!!! Much of Venus is covered by lava flows and “pancake volcanoes”