Download Climate

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts
Transcript
Bell Quiz

1. The Earth has seasons because it




A) Is closer to the sun in the summer than
the winter.
B) Has a tilted axis
C) Has a moon
D) Has chemicals that cause the air to warm
or cool depending upon what time of the
year it is.

2. What is the angle of the tilt of the Earth?
A) 35˚
 B) 23.5 ˚
 C) 15.5 ˚
 D) 55.3 ˚


3. The earth is closest to the sun when?
A) Spring
 B) Summer
 C) Fall
 D) Winter


4. The longest day of the year occurs
when?
A) Spring
 B) Summer
 C) Fall
 D) Winter


5. Why do we have daylight savings?
A) Phases of the moon
 B) Orbit around the sun
 C) Someone suggested the idea
 D) International time clocks don’t match

Climate
Transfer of heat
Radiation
 Conduction
 Convection


Conduction – Transfer of heat through
direct contact
Example Lizard sitting on a rock
 Metal/plastic plate demo - They are the same

temperature, but the metal plate feels colder because it is
transferring heat from your hand through conduction.



Convection – Transfer of
heat through the movement
of a fluid (liquid or gas)
Examples : blowing on your
food to cool it down,
convectional oven, sea
breezes
Convection currents – warm
air rises and cools air sinks
Reasons for climate change
Latitude
 Earth on an Axis
 Topography

Latitude

Affects the amounts of solar radiation per
unit area. Earth is tilted on an axis. 23.5˚

Angle of insolation : Angle at which the
sun’s radiation hits earth.

link
Earth on an axis: 23.5˚

Causes the seasons; tilt of the earth.
Summer solstice
June 22-23 – N Hemisphere tilted toward
the sun.
 Receives the most direct sun
 Warm temps even though we are furthest
away from the sun
 Longest day of the year

September Equinox (autumn)
September 22-23
 Equator faces the sun directly
 All areas of the earth experience 12 hours
of daylight and 12 hours of darknesss

Winter Solstice
December 22-23
 Southern Hemisphere tilted toward the sun
 Earth is closest to the sun, but Northern
half is cold; less solar radiation
 Shortest day of the year

March Equinox (Spring)
March 20-21
 Solar radiation equal in both hemispheres
 link

Love, Stargirl
Daylight Savings
Ben Franklin - link
 States not observed – Hawaii, Arizona
 Allows longer daylight in the summer

Topography
Near Water – specific heat
 Rain Shadow 
1. Tropical
High Temperature and Rainfall
 Places near the equator

2. Dry Climate
30% of crust
 Vegetation and rainfall scarce
 Deserts

3. Mild

Humid subtropical, marine west coast,
Mediterranean
4. Continental

Midwest, great lakes, sub arctic
5. Polar

Cold, Arctic, Antarctic
6. High Elevation
High Mountains
 Andes, Himalayas

Lung Adjustments
Microclimates
Localized climate that differs from the
main regional climate
 North Side vs. South Side of the building

Climate Change
Ice Age
 Natural Causes
 Human Impact

ICE AGE
Global cooling –
 Earth’s cycles back and forth from ice
ages to warm climate every 10,000 years.

Natural Causes
Orbit Changes
 Earth’s wobble
 Solar activity
 Volcanoes

Orbital Changes
Wobble – every
21,000-100,000
years reverses
seasons
 Milankovitch
theory

Volcanoes
Human Impact
CO2 – fossil fuels
 Urbanization
 Deforestation

Greenhouse effect
Natural heating of the earth’s surface
caused by atmospheric gases.
 Radiation is trapped in atmosphere
increasing temperature overall on Earth.

Global Warming
Trend in the rise of global temperatures
 Nature vs. nuture

Ozone Depletion
O3 – is being
depleted by
CFC’s which
cause more
radiation to
enter the
atmosphere.
 Ozone Hole

Measuring climate change
1. Fossil Record
 2. Ice Cores
 3. Sea Floor Sediments
 4. Tree Rings

Fossil Record

Fossils found in Antarctica indicating once
was a warmer climate
Ice Cores

Measures the concentration of gases in
the ice.
Sea Floor Sediments

Concentration of O18 in the shells of
microorganisms
Tree Rings
Ring Width
measured
 Wet years have
larger rings
whereas dry years
the rings are closer
together.

Oxygen Bar
Montreal Protocol

Aerosol Cans