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Water Cycle
The Percentage of Available Global Freshwater is Very Small
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The Carbon
Cycle
THE CARBON (C) CYCLE:
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Standard B1. 42
Begins as CO2 in the atmosphere
CO2 is breathed in by plants (autotrophs) and used to make sugar during photosynthesis.
Animals (primary consumers) obtain the carbon by consuming the plants.
Secondary consumers obtain the carbon by consuming the primary consumers.
Carbon returns to the ecosystem through respiration or decomposition.
Carbon is stored in fossil fuels and is released when the fossil fuels are burned (human activity).
NOTE: Fossil fuels formed when the decomposers could not keep up with the rate that animals and plants were dying.
Layers of energy-rich organic material (contains carbon) turned into coal and oil over time.
Carbon Cycle
Carbon Dioxide – Oxygen Cycle
Photosynthesis – Respiration Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
The Rock
Cycle
Rock Cycle
As new crust is being formed (at mid-ocean ridge), old crust is
pushed down into the mantle and melted at subduction zones.
This balancing act results in the Earth’s crust staying the same
size, even though it’s changing all the time. It’s the ultimate in
recycling!
Cycle of the Seasons
monthly cycle of the
Phases of the Moon
Moon
phases
Daily and Monthly
Cycle of the Tides
 Gravity pulls on the Earth with different
levels of strength. The parts closer to the
moon are pulled on harder than those
parts further away.
 A Tidal Bulge (High Tide) is produced
on the side of the Earth DIRECTLY below
the moon. Another is produced on the
EXACT opposite side of the Earth.
HIGH and
low
tides
 The bulge under the moon is produced
due to gravity "stretching" the water,
pulling it toward the moon. The bulge
produced on the opposite side of the Earth
is made because the moon tries to pull the
Earth out from under the water!
 Tides are caused by gravity pulling on the Earth’s bodies of water and upon the
Earth itself.
 There are 2 gravitational bodies that affect the tides: the sun and the moon.
 The moon is much closer to the Earth than the sun is, so it has a much greater
influence upon the tides.
 Notice that when the Earth, Moon, and Sun are all in a line (Full and New Moon
phases) the high tides are MUCH higher than at other times. These are called
SPRING TIDES.
 When the Moon and Sun are at right angles to each other (First and Third Quarter
Moon phases) the high tides are lower than at other times. These are called NEAP
TIDES.
black hole
red giant
massive star
nebula
(cloud of gas
& dust)
supernova
neutron
star
black
dwarf
nebula
(cloud of
gas &
dust)
small / medium star
(like our Sun)
white
dwarf
red giant
4
Even the
stuff that
stars are
made of
gets
recycled!
3 Star
2
1
5
5
6
6
6
Cell Cycle