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Download remembering some of the lessons from one of 2013`s non
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REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM ONE OF 2013’S NONDISASTERS. PART 5: EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA INDONESIA VOLCANO SINABUNG ON NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA ERUPTS November 3, 2013 --- But No Disaster This Time UNDERSTANDING EXPLOSIVE VOLCANOES 542 OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE” VOLCANOES IN INDONESIA INDONESIA, A PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” HAS 127 ACTIVE VOLCANOES AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX SUBDUCTION OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA AND EURASIA TECTONIC PLATES INDONESIA’S VOLCANOES PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONSA NATURAL HAZARD VERTICAL ASH PLUME, HIGH-VELOCITY LATERAL BLAST, TEPHRA, LAVA FLOWS, LAHARS, AND VOLCANIC WINTER VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS • VERTICAL ASH PLUME (can affect jet aircraft) • ASH AND TEPHRA • LATERAL BLAST • PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS, BURSTS, AND FLOWS VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS • LAVA FLOWS • LAHARS (can bury villages) • EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava) • “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing famine and mass extinctions) CAUSES OF RISK LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS CASE HISTORIES VOLCANIC ASH LAVA FLOWS LAHARS TOXIC GASES BEFORE AUGUST, 2010, SINABUNG HAD BEEN INACTIVE FOR 400 YEARS The August eruption led to an evacuation of 30,000 people MOUNT SINABUNG: NOV. 3, 2013 SEPTEMBER 2013 ERUPTION • An eruption in September 2013 also prompted an evacuation--about 3,500 villagers lining within 3 km of the volcano. OCTOBER 2013 ERUPTION • Another eruption on October 24th also prompted an evacuation of about 3,500 villagers lining within 2-3 km of the volcano. WHAT HAPPENED NOVEMBER 3RD • The 8,530-foot-high mountain erupted early on Sunday, November 3rd, sending a vertical ash plume 7,000 feet into the air. • This eruption prompted an evacuation of 1,500 people living within 3 km of the volcano. TOWARDS VOLCANIC ERUPTION DISASTER RESILIENCE VOLCANO RISK •VOLCANO HAZARDS •PEOPLE & BLDGS. •VULNERABILITY •LOCATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK INDONESIA’S GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE COMMUNITIES POLICY OPTIONS HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS • PREPAREDNESS •PROTECTION •EARLY WARNING •EMERGENCY RESPONSE •RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR VOLCANOES RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • COST • EXPOSURE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • EVENT EXPECTED LOSS • BENEFIT •CONSEQUENCES POLICY ASSESSMENT POLICY ADOPTION THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES, 2) BE PREPARED 3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE 5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND BE READY TO START OVER CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING POINTS 2014--2020 IS A GOOD TIME FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL, HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scales THE KNOWLEDGE BASE Real and Near- Real Time Monitoring Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring Situation Data Bases APPLICATIONS EDUCATIONAL SURGES Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines Enlighten Communities on Their Risks Create a Hazard Zonation Map as a Policy Tool Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards Cause & Effect Relationships Introduce New Technologies Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources Gateways to a Deeper Understanding Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts Multiply Capability by International Twinning Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster