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By James G. 5 th Hour Mixon The oceanic lithosphere sinks below the continental lithosphere, melting about 150km and rising as magma, causing volcanic eruptions. This plate activity occurs at the Andes mountains in Chile, where the Nazca and South American plates converge where land and sea meet. Two continental lithospheres collide and move upward to form mountains, and as the higher layers grid upwards the lower levels will sink downwards and melt. This is occurring where the Indian and Eurasian plates have been colliding for millions of years. This process formed the Himalayan mountains. Two plates move apart, letting magma rise upward and immediately cool and create new crust. This plate activity occurs at the Mid-Atlantic ridge, where Eurasian and North American, and South American and African plates separate. Rising hot rock forces the crust upward and out, along with the pulling of the plates already separating the crust. This causes large slabs of rock to sink, forming a rift valley. Continental divergence is currently occurring at the western edge of the Arabian plate. Plates grind past each other without destroying the lithosphere. This causes many earthquakes, like at the San Andreas Fault in California. akljhg f A mantle plume rises to the surface, creating an area of volcanism. The magma rises and cools in the ocean to form islands like the Hawaiian chain of islands. As the islands are created they move with the tectonic plate, leaving space for a new island. I appreciate your time Fehlan-Jones, Jennifer. "Plate Tectonics." KHS Geology -. Mrs. Jennifer FehlanJones Keystone High School. 17 Apr. 2012 <http://www.ncwcom.com/~jones/Geology/plate3.htm>. "File:Continental-continental convergence Fig21contcont.gif." Wikipedia. Giamportone, Joseph S., and G. W. Booker. "Plate Tectonics : Plate Boundaries." Plate Tectonics. 17 Apr. 2012 <http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_5.asp>. "Hot Spot." Visearth. James V. Grant, J.V & Kattenhorn, S.A. 2004: Evolution of vertical faults at an extensional plate boundary, southwest Iceland. Journal of Structural Geology 26, 537–557. Kristján Sæmundsson 1992: Geology of the Thingvallavatn area. OIKOS 64: 40-68. Thor Thordarson & Árman Höskuldsson 2002: Classic Geology in Europe 3. Iceland. Terra Publishing, Harpenden, 200 pp. Þorleifur Einarsson 1994: Geology of Iceland – rocks and landscapes. Mál og Menning, Reykjavík, 309 pp. "Geology of Thingvellir." Geology of Thingvellir. King, Hobart. "Divergent Plate Boundaries." Geology.com.
