Download TURNING 2011`S DISASTERS INTO EDUCATIONAL SURGES

TURNING 2011’S DISASTERS INTO
EDUCATIONAL SURGES THAT
WILL ADVANCE DISASTER
RESILIENCE
PART 7
Dr. Walter Hays,
Global Alliance For
Disaster Reduction
GOAL: COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE
USE DISASTER’S INFO TO
IMPROVE COMMUNITY
RESILIENCE
INCREASE TECHNICAL
AND POLITICL CAPACITY
OF COMMUNITY TO COPE
INCREASE OWNERSHIP
AND USE OF KNOWLEDGE
AND EXPERIENCE
FLOODS
SEVERE WIND STORMS
EARTHQUAKES
DROUGHTS
LANDSLIDES
WILDFIRES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
TSUNAMIS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
NOTABLE DISASTERS IN 2011
FLOODS IN AUSTRALIA
NEW KNOWLEDGE FOR
MAKING COMMUNITIES
DISASTER RESIILIENT
EARTHQUAKE/TSUNAMI IN
JAPAN
WILDFIRES IN FLORIDA,
TEXAS, AND ARIZONA , ETC
EXPERIENCE
FOR CHANGE
HURRICANE IRENE AND
TROPIAL STORM LEE
FLOODS ALONG THE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER
SUPER TORNADO
OUTBREAK
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
VOLCANOES
are awesome manifestations
of heat flowing as a result of
hot spots (e.g., Hawaii and
Iceland) and movement along
faults located in subduction
zones (e.g., the Pacific Rim).
2011’S KNOWLEDGE AND
EXPERIENCE BASE
INCLUDED NOTABLE
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN
ICELAND AND CHILE
MAY - JUNE, 2011
USING 2011’S EXPERIENCES TO
INFORM ALL ELEMENTS OF
SOCIETY WILL MOVE
COMMUNITIES TOWARDS THE
IMPORTANT NATIONAL GOAL
OF VOLCANO DISASTER
RESILIENCE
A DISASTER is ----- the set of failures that overwhelm the
capability of a community to respond
without external help when three
continuums: 1) people, 2) community
(i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and
social constructs), and 3) complex
events (e.g., floods, earthquakes, ...,)
intersect at a point in space and time.
Disasters are caused by
single- or multiple-event
natural hazards that, (for
various reasons), caused
extreme levels of mortality,
morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses,
or environmental impacts.
THE THREE CONTINUUMS OF
EVERY DISASTER
• PEOPLE
• COMMUNITY
• COMPLEX EVENTS
A DISASTER IMPACTS ALL
SOCIETAL ELEMENTS
AN EDUCATIONAL SURGE
• Transforms information and
experience gained from a
disaster into knowledge, best
practices, and technologies
that help communities
become disaster resilient.
HOW TO BUILD CAPACITY
FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• Identify the gaps in community capacity in
the four critical elements of the solution:
Preparedness, Protection, Response, and
Recovery.
• Use the accumulated knowledge and
experience base to fill the perceived gaps
in Preparedness, Protection, Response,
and Recovery in the community.
CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS
(READY FOR ANY
COMPLEX EVENT)
• PROTECTION
(BUILD ESSENTIAL
AND CRITICAL
FACILITIES TO
WITHSTAND)
CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• RESPONSE
(SAVING LIVES, AND
ENSURING
CONTINUITY)
• RECOVERY
(BOUNCING BACK
QUICKLY AND
RESUMING LIFE
AGAIN)
BENEFITS OF AN
EDUCATIONAL SURGE
• Intensifies efforts to
protect essential (schools)
and critical facilities (hospitals, dams, transportation,
systems, and power plants).
EDUCATIONAL SURGES CREATE TURNING
POINTS FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL SECTORS OF
SOCIETY INFORMED
IGNORANCE TO
ENLIGHTENMENT
EDUCATIONAL
SURGES CHANGE
POLICIES BASED
ON A COMMUNITY’S RISK
APATHY TO
EMPOWERMENT
BOUNDARIES TO
NETWORKS
STATUS QUO TO GOOD
POLITICAL DECISIONS
TURNING POINTS FOR CHANGE
NEW RESOURCES
NEW DELIVERY MECHANISMS
EDUCATIONAL
SURGES WILL
RESULT IN …
NEW PROFESSIONAL
LINKAGES
NEW LEGISLATIVE MANDATES
NEW DIALOGUE ON BUILDING
A CULTURE OF DISASTERRISK REDUCTION
EDUCATIONAL SURGE
ADD VALUE
INCREASE
AWARENESS
AN EDUCATIONAL
SURGE WILL
INCREASE
UNDERSTANDING
INCREASE POLITICAL
WILL
BUILD EQUITY
BENEFITS OF EDUCATIONAL SURGES
EXPAND CAPABILITY
IMPROVE DELIVERY
MECHANISMS
EDUCATIONAL
SURGES
OVERCOME UNIVERSAL
BARRIERS
CREATE TURNING
POINTS OF CHANGE
INCREASE COMMUNITY
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ICELAND’S GRIMSVOTN
ERUPTS
SATURDAY, MAY 21, 2011
ICELAND
A LAND OF FIRE
(VOLCANOES) AND ICE
Iceland lies on the Mid-Atlantic
Ridge, the highly volatile,
divergent boundary between the
Eurasian and North American
tectonic plates that is marked by
volcanic eruptions and the
associated volcano hazards.
ICELAND AND PLATE
TECTONICS
GRIMSVOTN: ICELAND’S
MOST ACTIVE VOLCANO
The Eyjafjallajökull Volcano in
Southern Iceland
GRIMSVOTN
• Iceland's most active
volcano, Grimsvotn, located
at the heart of its biggest
glacier, Vatnajoekull,
emitted smoke and lava
before erupting.
THE ASH PLUME FROM GRIMSVOTN REACHED 20 KM (12 MI)
AIR TRAVEL AFFECTED
• The ash plume, which was more
than twice the height of last year’
eruption of EYJAFJOELL, led to
the establishment of “no fly zone”
of 220 km (120 mi) in all directions
around the summit, leaving planes
grounded and closing airspace
across Iceland.
EYJAFJOELL’S ASH PLUME
ONLY REACHED 9 KM (5.6 MI)
BUT, EYJAFJOELL’S IMMEDIATE IMPACT
ON AIR TRAVEL WAS WORSE
• In 2010, EYJAFJOELL’s vertical ash
plume, which, unlike Grimsvotn’s,
was comprised of very fine silica
ash, shut down large portions of
European airspace for almost a
month, and forced 600 people to
evacuate from their homes.
Eyjafjallajökull
Eyjafjallajökull: UNDER A
GLACIER; MARCH 27, 2010
ASH CLOUD FROM APRIL 14
ERUPTION
HEAVY FLOODING:
APRIL 14, 2010
(DARK) ASH CLOUD OVER
ICELAND: APRIL 15, 2010
STEAM AND ASH CLOUD:
APRIL 18, 2010
The ash cloud, made up of
minute particles of silica that
can severely damage jet
engines, left airplanes
stranded on the tarmac at
some of the world’s busiest
airports.
CHILE’S VOLCANO
PUYEHUE ERUPTED WITH A
MASSIVE ASH CLOUD AND
SPECTACULAR LIGHTNING
JUNE 4, 2011
VOLCANO PUYEHUE’S ASH
CLOUD: JUNE 4, 2011
PUYEHUE’S ASH CLOUD AND
LIGHTNING
VOLCANO PUYEHUE: JUNE 4,
2011
PUYEHUE’S ASH CLOUD
 The ash cloud over the
Southern Hemisphere has
impacted Argentina and
spread as far as South
Africa and Australia.
ASH COVERED SREETS OF SAN
CARLOS DE BARILOCHE
TRAVELERS:ARGENTINA’S JORGE
NEWBERY AIRPORT
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE REQUIRES
INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE GAINED
FROM “DISASTER LABORATORIES,”
WITH EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES --ALL WITHIN THE
COMMUNITY’S POLITICAL PROCESS.
RISK ASSESSMENT
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
VOLCANO DISASTER
RESILIENCE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITY
KEY POLICIES
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
• RESPONSE
•RECOVERY
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR
VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE
• FORECASTS OF
ERUPTIONS
• MONITORING
TECHNOLOGIES (E.G.,
DEFORMATION,
SEISMICITY, GAS
EMISSIONS, REMOTE
SENSING, WINDS)
• WARNING SYSTEMS
• EVACUATIONS
• DATABASES FOR
EACH VOLCANO
• COMPUTER MODELS
OF HAZARDS
• MAPS
• DISASTER
SCENARIOS
• HAZARD
ASSESSMENT
• RISK ASSESSMENT
PREPAREDNESS: KNOW
THE HAZARDS (Potential
Disaster Agents)
VOLCANO HAZARDS
(AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
•
•
•
•
VERTICAL PLUME
ASH AND TEPHRA
LATERAL BLAST
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
VOLCANO HAZARDS
(AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• LAVA FLOWS
• LAHARS
• EARTHQUAKES (related to
movement of lava)
• “VOLCANIC WINTER”
POTECTION: REAL-TIME
MONITORING OF THE VOLCANO
MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES
.
POTECTION: KNOW THE RISK
AND THE COUNTERMEASUES
CAUSES
OF RISK
LATERAL BLAST
PYROCLASTIC FLOWS
FLYING DEBRIS
VOLCANIC
VOLCANIC ASH
ERUPTIONS
CASE HISTORIES
LAVA FLOWS
LAHARS
TOXIC GASES
VOLCANIC ASH: A HIGH RISK TO
AVIATION
• JET AIRCRAFT
ARE SUSCEPTIBLE
TO ENGINE
FAILURE AND FREE
FALL WHEN
FLYING THROUGH
AN ASH CLOUD.
LAVA DIVERSION CHANNELS
• LAVA FLOWS
CAN BE
DIVERTED
AWAY FROM
COMMUNITIES
INTO THE
OCEAN
LAHAR DIVERSION
CHANNELS
• LAHARS CAN
BE DIVERTED
AWAY FROM
URBAN
CENTERS.
LAHAR SIMULATION
RESPONSE STRATEGIES
• PURPOSE
• CONTROL
• EVACUATION
• TECHNIQUE
• MAP LAVA AND/OR
LAHAR FLOW
PATHS
• CREATE
COMMUNITY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE PLAN
COMMUNITY EVACUATION PLAN
• 11,000 from
three districts
were evacuated
to schools and
other designated emergency shelters.