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The Nature of Science Chapter 1 Earth Science Earth Science encompasses 5 areas of study: A. Astronomy B. Meteorology C. Geology D. Oceanography E. Environmental science Astronomy The study of objects beyond Earth’s atmosphere Includes: galaxies, stars, planets, and other bodies in space Meteorology The study of the forces and processes that cause the atmosphere to change and produce weather Meteorologists forecast the weather and determine it’s affect on Earth’s climate. Geology The study of the materials that make up the Earth, the processes that change these materials, and the history of the planet and it’s life-forms Geologists identify rocks, study glaciers, and determine how forces change our planet. Oceanography The study of Earth’s oceans Oceans cover nearly ¾ of our planet Oceanographers study ocean animals, measure chemical and physical properties of the ocean, and observe processes that occur in these bodies of water Environmental Science The study of the interaction of organisms and their surroundings Topics include natural resources, pollution, alternative energy sources, and the impact of humans on the atmosphere Environmental scientists study how organisms can positively or negatively affect the environment Subspecialties The study of Earth is very broad Subspecialties are found in each of the 5 major areas of study Complete the worksheet by matching the subspecialties to their specific area of study Earth’s Systems A. B. C. D. Earth can be divided into 4 main systems: Geosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Each system is unique, yet interacts with the others. Geosphere The surface of the Earth down to it’s center Includes: Crust Continental Oceanic Mantle Core Atmosphere The blanket of gases that surround our planet Gases include: 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen 1% Trace gases Provides oxygen, protects us from UV rays, and maintains a livable temperature Hydrosphere All of the water on Earth, including the water in the atmosphere 97% saltwater 3% freshwater (lakes, glaciers, rivers, and groundwater) Biosphere Includes all organisms on Earth and their environments All of Earth’s life-forms require interaction with at least one other system to ensure survival Technology The application of knowledge gained from scientific research to solve society’s needs and problems