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Nucleus
 Controls all the activities that go on within the cell
 DNA / Chromosomes
Ribosomes
 Makes Proteins
 Float around in the cytoplasm and can be attached to
the ER
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Modifies Lipids
Mitochondria
 Cellular Respiration
 Makes ATP (energy) for our cells to function
Chloroplast
 PLANT ONLY
 Photosynthesis – how plants make FOOD
 Green
Golgi Apparatus
 Packages and Transports
Large Central Vacuole
 Storage Area
 Stores: Salts, Water, Waste
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
 Digest bad and worn out stuff
What cushions all the organelles?
Cytoplasm
What is the barrier between inside the cell and
outside the cell?
Cell Membrane
What does it mean that the cell membrane is
semi-permerable?
 Allows some things to pass through but not all
Centrioles
Help during cell division (mitosis)
Which type of cell has these?
 Chloroplast
 Cell Wall
 Large Central Vacuole
Plant Cell ONLY
Be able to place these in order.
What is the name of Cell Division (mitosis)
phases?
 Interphase
 Prophase
 Metaphase
 Anaphase
 Telophase
 Cytokinesis
 What is formed right before a plant cell undergoes
cytokinesis?
Cell Plate
Mitosis “Toes”
 This happens so ____________ # can remain the
__________ to ensure each new cell is exactly like
the original one.
 Chromosome
 Same
Integumentary
 Boundary between internal and external
environment
 Protects
Muscular
 Movement
Skeletal
 Structure and Support
 Also protects delicate internal organs
Respiratory
 Breath in Oxygen exhale Carbon Dioxide
Nervous
 Responds to conditions of external environment.
 Uses electrical signals
Excretory
 Filters out waste and toxins
Digestive
 Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients
Circulatory / Cardiovascular
 Circulates things through the body
Reproductive
 Produces gametes (egg & sperm)
 Allows a species to continue – offspring produced
The movement of particles from a highly
concentrated area to a lower concentrated area
until particles are evenly spread out.
What does Semi-permeable Mean?
 Can allow things to pass through the membrane, but
is selective in doing so.
What is Osmosis?
 The Diffusion of WATER toward the Area that is
highly concentrated.
What happens to a cell that is placed in water?
 It will swell because the water will move into the cell
because the cell is where the greatest concentration
of particles are.
What will happen to a cell that is placed in a
solution that has a high concentration of salt in
it?
 It will shrivel (shrink) because the water inside the
cell will move out into the salt water because the salt
is more concentrated.
Things that go in are called what?
 Reactants
Things that come out are called?
Products
Photosynthesis
 The process that occurs in the Chloroplast that
allows the plant to make food for itself.
What is the equation for Photosynthesis?
Water + Sunlight + Carbon dioxide 
Glucose + Oxygen
Reactants?
Products?
 Reactants: Water + Sunlight + Carbon dioxide
 Products: Glucose + Oxygen
Why does Cellular Respiration Occur?
 So that our cells have ENERGY (ATP)
What is the equation for Cellular Respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen 
ENERGY (ATP) + Carbon dioxide + Water
Reactants?
Products?
 Reactants : Glucose & Oxygen
 Products: Carbon dioxide + ENERGY + Water
Do a quick sketch of the cycling of Carbon
dioxide and Oxygen.
A+B=C
Sexual Reproduction
 2 make something new
 Requires Gametes (sex cells such as egg and sperm)
A+B=C
Sexual
 Pollination
 Anther – pollen – male
 Ovule – Ovaries - female
A=A+A

Asexual
 An identical copy is made of the parent
 Only takes 1
Name two things that are sexual reproduced?
 Sexual –
 Pollination (flowers) pollen joins ovules
 Fertilization (zygote forms from the joining of egg
and sperm) - animals
How do these all fit together?
 DNA ?
 Chromosomes?
 Genes?
 Inherited Traits?
DNA packed tightly forms  Chromosomes
A particular spot on a Chromosome  Gene
Genes determine  Inherited Traits
Inherited Traits: Physical Characteristics You See
Define these:
 Genotype?
 Phenotype?
 Dominant?
 Recessive?
 Homozygous?
 Heterozygous?
 Genotype: Letters
 Phenotype: “Photo”
 Dominant: B
 Recessive: b
 Homozygous: hh/HH
 Heterozygous: Hh
Control ?
Independent Variable?
Dependent Variable?
 Control – what you do nothing special to. What you
always compare back to.
 Independent Variable – What you change in order to
have an experiment.
 Dependent Variable – What measurement is
changed as a result of the independent variable.
What are these used to find?
• To find distance
 To view cells
 To find volume
 To find mass
 To find temperature
• To see things detail
What two pieces of equipment do you need to
find density?
 Triple Beam Balance (m)
 Graduated Cylinder (ml)
 Because Density is mass/volume
What is
Experimental Error?
 When a mistake is made that causes there to be a
measurement given that is off. (Can be human error
or Equipment error)
What is bias?
 When someone has a vested interest in the results of
an experiment which their opinion may have
influenced the results reported.
What are the steps to the
Engineering Design Process?
Engineering Design Process
What is the difference between an intended
benefit and an unintended consequence?
Define these two words:
 Adaptive
 Assistive
 Adaptive: a technology that causes there to be
permanent change. Can not be taken away or
reversed.
 Assistive: A technology that assists or helps
someone, but is not permanent. Can be taken away.
Rock made from heat and pressure, deep within
the earth?
 Metamorphic – heat and pressure
Rock made from the compaction and
cementing of sand and soil that was washed
away.
Sedimentary
Formed from the cooling and solidifying of
Magma.
Igenous
Solid Layer of the Earth made of the metals
Iron and Nickel.
 Inner Core – Solid, Iron and Nickel
Liquid Layer of the Earth made of the metals Iron
and Nickle
 Outer Core – Liquid Iron and Nickle
Layer of the Earth that is made of rock and
Magma?
 Mantle
Layer of the Earth that is made of light weight
rock and has water on it?
Crust
Layer of the Earth that has the most Mass and is
the densest?
Mantle
Lithosphere Plates Move at what rate?
 Centimeters (cm) per year
Any time tectonics plates move what is going to
happen?
Earthquakes
What layer is tectonic plates comprised of?
Litosphere
The Lithosphere (tectonic plates) float on what
layer?
Asthenosphere
At what boundary is Mountains formed?
Convergent
At what area are volcanoes formed?
Sub-duction Zone
At what boundary does Sea Floor Spreading
occur?
Divergent
What type of boundary is the San Andres Fault?
Boundary location where plates slide past each
other.
Transform
What happens when we burn fossil fuels (gas,
coal, & oil)?
 The release of excess Carbon dioxide, which causes
the atmosphere to thicken and acts like a
greenhouse. This causes heat to be trapped and
increases the earth’s temperature. This causes the ice
caps to melt and the sea level to rise. Known as
Global Warming.
What is Pollutation?
 Release of harmful chemicals into the environment
can cause harm to other plant and animal life.